Kiwifruit cultivation involves careful selection of varieties, proper site preparation, and meticulous management throughout the growing season. Choosing high-quality, large-fruited varieties with strong storage resistance is essential. Popular choices include Qin Mei, Yat, Hayward, Hongyang, and Huaguang No. 2, which have shown excellent performance in recent years.
When selecting a planting site, kiwifruit thrives in cool, humid conditions with well-drained, slightly acidic sandy loam soil. The location should be sheltered from strong winds and avoid areas prone to frost damage. Soil depth, fertility, and organic matter content are also important factors for successful growth.
Planting time is critical. It's best to plant after leaves have fallen in late autumn or before spring budding begins. Planting in late autumn allows the roots to recover and establish before the growing season starts. Early spring planting should not be delayed beyond late spring to ensure optimal growth.
For planting layout, a T-shaped trellis system is recommended for efficient space utilization. Dig planting holes 1 meter in diameter and 60 cm deep, mixing in 10-13 kg of composted manure per hole. A 20% ratio of male plants is necessary for pollination. Soft-hair varieties should be closely planted at 2 meters apart, while hard-bristle types require more space—about 3-4 meters between plants.
Artificial pollination is crucial, especially during rainy weather when natural pollination may be hindered. Collect fresh pollen from white flowers and spray it using a handheld sprayer for best results.
Fruit thinning is an essential practice to ensure quality and yield. Remove malformed, diseased, or small fruits early in the fruit-setting stage, retaining only the main flowers and healthy fruits.
Fertilization should be carefully managed. Young orchards benefit from 2000-2500 kg of farmyard manure per 667 square meters annually, while mature orchards need 4000-5000 kg. Apply nitrogen and phosphorus-based fertilizers before bud break, and potassium-rich compounds during fruit enlargement. Foliar sprays of calcium, iron, and zinc can also enhance fruit quality.
Pruning plays a key role in shaping the tree and promoting fruiting. Summer pruning involves removing excess buds and pinching back new growth to encourage branching. Winter pruning should occur between December and February, focusing on shaping the canopy and removing old or weak branches.
Disease and pest control are vital for healthy crops. In March and April, apply lime sulfur or copper-based fungicides to prevent diseases like bacterial canker and blossom blight. For pests such as leafhoppers and mites, use insecticides like "Kung Fu" or avermectin. Netting and thorough sanitation practices help reduce infestations.
Harvesting at the right time ensures quality and long-term storage. Kiwifruit is typically ready when soluble solids reach 8-12%, even if the color change is subtle. A bactericidal spray three to four days before harvest helps prevent post-harvest decay.
By following these comprehensive steps, growers can achieve high-quality, high-yield kiwifruit production.
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