To ensure a successful yacon crop, it's essential to focus on several key cultivation practices. First, timing is crucial. The ideal time for planting and transplanting healthy seedlings is during early spring, typically in early April. If using mulch film, it should be applied by late March, and if possible, small greenhouses can help advance the planting schedule. Nutrient-rich seedlings should be planted in mid-March, after the last frost, and watered promptly. The earlier you plant, the higher the yield tends to be. However, planting in May or June often leads to a noticeable decline in production.
Second, applying a proper base fertilizer is vital. It's best to use well-decomposed livestock manure combined with 20 kg of compound fertilizer. Alternatively, you can apply 100 kg of high-quality phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer. If conditions allow, adding over 10 kg of mineral elements can significantly improve both yield and commercial quality.
Water management is another critical factor. During the middle stage, water according to soil moisture levels, ensuring proper drainage. In June and July, when temperatures are high, regular watering is necessary to maintain soil moisture above 80% and keep surface temperatures below 40°C. During the rainy season or in low-lying areas, drainage must be carefully managed to prevent waterlogging. In the later stages, avoid excessive watering to prevent soil cracking.
When selecting seedlings, it's important to choose high-quality ones. With so many sources available, some inferior seeds may be introduced. Before planting, ensure that the seedlings have full, healthy buds, are green, strong, and free from disease or damage. Avoid using weak or diseased seedlings, as they will not produce high-quality or high-yield crops. Using purebred seedlings is the foundation for a successful harvest.
Pruning also plays an important role. Excessive branching can hinder the growth of underground tubers. It’s recommended to leave only 2–3 main branches and remove all others. Once the plants reach about 50 cm in height, they begin to branch out. It’s also beneficial to sow or nurse additional seedlings at planting time to promote balanced growth. Having too many shoots can negatively impact fruit quality and yield.
In summary, by following these key cultivation techniques—proper timing, fertilization, watering, seedling selection, and pruning—growers in northern regions can achieve high-quality and high-yield yacon crops, leading to excellent economic returns.
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