Corn's fertilization from the jointing stage to the booting stage is the most critical period for nutrient uptake, especially during the big bell-mouth phase (when the leaf age index is around 60%), which is crucial for determining ear size and grain number. During this time, it's essential to re-apply nitrogen fertilizer. A recommended application is 20 to 25 kg of urea per 1/15 hectare. The fertilizer should be applied deep into the soil, about 10 cm from the plant base, with a depth of 12 to 15 cm. In the tasseling and flowering stages, it’s also important to apply a grain fertilizer. Typically, 7.5 to 12.5 kg of urea per 1/15 hectare is advised.
Watering during the jointing to tasseling stage marks a period of rapid growth. About 10 days before tasseling, water demand increases significantly, making it a critical time for moisture. Soil moisture should ideally be between 70% and 80%. During tasseling to flowering, corn is highly sensitive to water stress, and this is the peak water demand period, requiring soil moisture levels to reach 80%. From kernel formation to the wax ripening stage, sufficient moisture is still necessary to ensure high yield. At this point, maintaining soil moisture between 70% and 75% is optimal. If the moisture level drops below these thresholds, irrigation should be done promptly, and drainage should be managed effectively.
In the mid to late stages of corn growth, disease and pest control becomes essential. When the average number of aphids per 10 plants reaches 500 or more, spraying 40% omethoate EC at a dilution of 1000 to 1500 times is recommended. For corn borers, which are common pests during the ear development stage, applying 250 g of 3% phoxim granules mixed with 5 to 6 kg of sand and sprinkled on the leaves, tassels, or ears can help control them. To manage leaf spot diseases, use 50% carbendazim or 50% trichoderma at a 500x dilution, applying it every five days for two to three treatments.
Removing small shoots before and after tasseling, as well as weak, non-jointed plants, helps save water, nutrients, and improves air circulation in the field. Artificial de-tasseling is performed when the tassels first appear and before they release pollen. Removing the tassels from rows or sections allows the plant to concentrate nutrients on the ear development. Artificial pollination is also important—after tassels begin to loosen, check each plant individually and manually transfer pollen to any un-pollinated silks to ensure full pollination.
Harvesting should be delayed appropriately, without affecting the planting schedule of other crops. To maximize yield, proper management of water and nutrients during the middle and late stages is crucial to keep the leaves green and healthy. Harvest when the husks turn white, the kernels become hard, and the milk line disappears. This ensures the best quality and yield.
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