Corn's fertilization from the jointing to the booting stage is a critical period when it requires the most nutrients, especially during the big bell-mouth phase (when the leaf age index is around 60%). This stage plays a key role in determining ear size and grain number. At this time, nitrogen fertilizer should be reapplied, with urea applied at a rate of 20–25 kg per 1/15 hectares. The fertilizer should be applied deep into the soil, about 10 cm away from the plants and at a depth of 12–15 cm. During the tasseling and flowering stages, additional grain fertilizer is needed, typically 7.5–12.5 kg of urea per 1/15 hectares.
Watering is particularly important during the jointing to tasseling stages, as this is when corn experiences rapid growth. About 10 days before tasseling, water demand increases significantly, making it a crucial period for irrigation. Soil moisture should ideally be maintained at 70–80% during this time. Once tasseling begins and moves into the flowering stage, the plant becomes highly sensitive to water stress, and soil moisture should reach 80% for optimal development. During the kernel formation and wax ripening stages, sufficient moisture is still essential for yield, with an ideal soil moisture range of 70–75%. If moisture levels fall below these thresholds, timely irrigation is necessary, and drainage should also be managed properly.
In the middle and late stages of corn growth, disease and pest control are vital. For example, when the average number of aphids per 10 plants reaches 500 or more, a 40% omethoate EC solution diluted 1000–1500 times can be sprayed. Corn borers are a major pest during the ear development stage; applying 250 g of 3% phoxim granules mixed with 5–6 kg of sand and sprinkled on the leaves, tassels, and ears can help control them. To manage corn leaf spot, a 50% carbendazim or 50% triazole solution diluted 500 times can be used, with applications repeated every five days for 2–3 times.
Removing weak, small, or non-ear-bearing plants before and after tasseling helps improve air circulation, conserve water and nutrients, and promote better crop health. Artificial emasculation should be done when the tassels just begin to emerge and have not yet released pollen, by removing the tassels from the rows or between plants to redirect nutrients toward ear development. Additionally, artificial pollination is recommended during the later stages of tassel loosening. Each plant should be checked individually, and fresh silks that haven't been pollinated should be manually fertilized to ensure full pollination.
Harvesting should be delayed appropriately, provided it doesn’t interfere with other crops. To maximize yield, proper nutrient and water management during the mid-to-late growth stages is essential to keep the leaves green and healthy. Harvesting should occur when the husks turn white and dry, the kernels become hard, and the milk line disappears.
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