Apple tree fertilization should be carefully managed with the following key considerations:
(1) Nutrient needs for young trees: During the annual growth cycle of apple saplings, there is significant shoot growth, multiple growth flushes, and a high proportion of autumn shoots. Root growth is rapid, typically featuring three growth peaks, with the third peak occurring after the autumn shoots have stopped. The recommended N:P2O5:K2O ratio for young trees is 2:2:1 or 1:2:1, depending on specific conditions. This balance helps support healthy root development and overall vigor.
(2) Base fertilizer should be applied early, and topdressing should be done skillfully: The base fertilizer should mainly consist of organic materials, combined with phosphorus, potassium, and a moderate amount of available nitrogen. Applying it soon after the autumn shoots stop not only promotes the third root growth phase but also enhances leaf photosynthesis and nutrient storage in the tree.
For topdressing, the timing and type of fertilizer depend on the tree's growth condition. Strong, vigorous young trees should receive nitrogen fertilizer after the spring shoot growth slows down and when the length of the autumn shoots is controlled. For weak-growing saplings, nitrogen should be applied before the start of spring growth, in small amounts over several applications. If nitrogen uptake is insufficient, applying 250g of ammonium sulfate per tree can help, with up to 500g for more severe cases. Phosphorus and potassium topdressing should be based on the tree’s condition—avoiding application if there are no flowers or very few buds. During the growing season, organic quick-release fertilizers like well-decomposed manure (10–20kg per tree) are ideal. Trees that have already flowered and set fruit should receive their first topdressing early, as spring shoots begin to grow and when fruit set increases.
(3) Appropriate fertilization methods: For young apple trees, circular fertilization is suitable for base fertilizer. The ring-shaped trench should expand each year and be slightly deeper than the main root distribution layer. Topdressing should be applied outside the root zone. Soil topdressing can alternate between radial furrows, acupuncture, and spreading methods each year. Fertilizers applied outside the roots should primarily focus on nitrogen during the early growth stage, with an increased proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the mid to late growth stages.
By following these practices, you can ensure balanced nutrition, strong root development, and better overall tree health, which ultimately leads to higher productivity and better fruit quality.
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