The pathogen in question is *Pythium*, a type of oomycete that possesses flagella and acts as a parasitic organism. It primarily affects the base of mushrooms, leading to rotting at the stem area. Infected regions often develop a layer of white, cotton-like mycelial growth, which can be an early sign of infection. This disease can severely impact mushroom cultivation by weakening the fruiting bodies and reducing overall yield.
During the germination phase, the culture materials are also prone to contamination by this pathogen. The initial signs of contamination include the appearance of black spots or patches within the culture medium. These black areas can range in size from a few centimeters to over one meter. Notably, the surrounding areas may still appear healthy, making the infection difficult to detect and often overlooked. This type of bacterial contamination typically occurs in environments with high nitrogen content.
Once the culture material becomes infected, the production of mushrooms is significantly reduced, especially during the first and second flushes. However, in later stages, there may be a rebound in yield as the nitrogen levels decrease and the mushroom mycelium gradually colonizes the affected black zones.
To manage this issue, it is important to ensure even mixing of cake fertilizer and nitrogen sources when preparing the culture material. During the late stages of mushroom growth, extra care should be taken when adding nutrients to maintain uniform distribution throughout the substrate. If contamination is detected, affected mushrooms should be removed immediately. A solution of mercury-injection aqueous (1 liter) can be sprayed into the growing chamber. Alternatively, the chamber can be covered with paper, and a 2% formaldehyde solution can be applied to the paper every other day to help control the spread of the pathogen.
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