The pathogen is *Pythium*, a type of oomycete that belongs to the group of flagellated organisms. It is a parasitic disease that primarily affects the base of mushrooms, causing rot at the stem and leading to the formation of a white, cotton-like mold on the infected area. The disease also results in the growth of mycelial branches, which can spread rapidly under favorable conditions.
During the germination stage, the culture material is particularly vulnerable to contamination by this pathogen. Infected areas are typically characterized by the appearance of black spots or patches within the substrate. These black regions can range in size from a few centimeters to over one meter in diameter. Interestingly, the surrounding areas often remain healthy, making it difficult to detect the infection early and leading to potential oversight. This type of contamination tends to occur more frequently in substrates with high nitrogen content.
Once contaminated, the yield of mushrooms is significantly reduced, especially during the first and second flushes. However, in later harvests, there is often a rebound in production as the nitrogen levels decrease and the mushroom mycelium begins to colonize the previously infected black zones.
To manage this issue, it's important to ensure even mixing of cake fertilizer and nitrogen-based nutrients when preparing the culture material. During the later stages of mushroom growth, extra care should be taken to distribute any added nutrients evenly throughout the substrate. As soon as signs of contamination are detected, affected areas should be removed immediately. Additionally, a mercury-injection aqueous solution (one liter per room) can be sprayed directly into the growing area. Alternatively, the room can be covered with paper, and a 2% formaldehyde solution can be applied to the paper every other day to prevent further spread.
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