Agaricus blazei, also known as Agaricus blazei, belongs to the genus Basidiomycetes, Lamyomycetes, Agaricales, Mushrooms, and Mushrooms. It is a closely related species of Agaricus bisporus, so its biological characteristics are more similar. Agaricus blazei is Japan's trade name, meaning Matsutake mushrooms. In fact, Agaricus blazei regardless of its form and flavor, and Matsutake mushroom no similarity, Japan called Komatsu mushrooms in order to adapt to the Japanese consumer psychology, in recent years, the Japanese market appears edible Agaricus blazei hot.
Agaricus blazei is native to California and Florida in southern North America, Brazil and Peru in northern South America, and it is a delicious wild food and medicinal fungus that occurs on the coastal grassland. In 1965, it was introduced into Japan for domestication trials, and it was commercialized in 1978. Agaricus blazei mushroom is crisp and delicious, with aroma of almonds, and has a certain anti-cancer activity, blood fat, improve arteriosclerosis and other medicinal effects, is a delicious and medicinal mushroom.
(A) Morphological characteristics Agaricus blazei fruit body thick, flat round to hemispherical cap, diameter 5-11 cm, the surface is light brown to chestnut-brown fibrous scales, cover the edge of the veil debris; thick flesh, white, injured After becoming orange-yellow; bacteria folds free, denser, initially milky, brown after injury; stipe cylindrical, solid, slightly enlarged handle base, handle length 4-14 cm, thick 2-3 cm, ring The above stipe is milky white, with chestnut-brown below the sclerotia; cilia resembles squamae; the upper part of the sclerotinia is membranous, membranous and white; the spores are dark brown in color, spores are smooth, and broadly oval to spherical.
(b) Living conditions
1. Nutrition Agaricus mycelium can use sucrose, glucose, etc. as a carbon source, can not use soluble starch, can use ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, etc. as a nitrogen source, can not use peptone; 7% of sucrose, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate is the most Appropriate nutrient concentration. Agaricus blazei can use crop straw, animal excrement, sawdust, etc. as a carbon and nitrogen source, and can therefore use these agricultural wastes for planting.
2. Temperature Agaricus blazei is a saprophytic strain that occurs in the grass in summer and autumn. The temperature range for mycelial growth is 10-30°C, and the optimum growth temperature is 23-27°C. The temperature range for fruiting bodies is 20-33°C, and the optimum temperature is 22-25°C.
3. Moisture and humidity The ratio of the planting substrate material to water is in the range of 1:1.2 to 1.4. The mycelium of Agaricus blazei Murrill can grow. The optimum ratio of material to water is 1:1.4; the optimum moisture content of the covering layer is 60%-65. %; The relative humidity of the development of the fruit body is 80%-95%, and the optimum is 85%-95%.
4. pH The Agaricus blazei mycelium can grow in the medium pH range of pH 4.5-8.0, and the optimum pH is 6.0-7.5.
5. Light does not require light to grow in the mycelium of Agaricus blazei. The development of fruiting bodies also cannot have direct light. Light affects the quality of the fruiting body.
6. The mycelial growth and fruit body development of Agaricus blazei requires fresh air. The fruiting body needs a lot of fresh air. The concentration of carbon dioxide over 0.5% affects the mycelium growth and fruit body development.
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