One must pay attention to fertilizer aging
To seize the season, it is a magic weapon in agriculture not to break the agricultural season. In the tea plantation, summer fertilization also has to take care of the season. Since the interval between spring tea and summer tea is short, it is better to use early dressing in the tea garden in the summer. The vigorous growth and multiple picking of the tea tree by the spring tea consumes a lot of nutrients in the body, and the nutrient reserves in the tea tree body and the tea garden soil will have different degrees of deficit. In addition, the summer is the peak season for the reproductive growth of tea trees. When the flower buds were bred in large quantities, the fruits grew rapidly in the previous year and consumed a lot of nutrients. If they are not top-dressed in time, the tea tree nutrients will be disjointed, affecting the growth and growth of the summer shoots, showing budding shoots. Less, slow growth, short internodes, yellow leaves, small leaves, thin leaves, multiple buds (for clips) and other symptoms, affecting both yield and quality, so it is necessary to timely fertilizer. The first summer top dressing is applied immediately after the end of the spring tea, usually in mid-to-late May. The southern tea region can be advanced to late April or early May. The northern tea region can be extended to early June. The second top dressing in summer can be performed after the end of the second tea, in about the end of June and early July. It is customary to call this second top dressing a “relay fat†or “fat fat†and its importance can be imagined.
Second, pay attention to fertilizer varieties
Tea leaves are used as a material, and nitrogen fertilizer is its staple food. Base fertilizer should be enough to top-up fertilizer. Basal fertilizers are rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the case of applying basic fertilizers, it is generally unnecessary to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the summer to avoid increasing reproductive growth and consuming nutrients. In the summer, fertilizers were selected based on high-nitrogen fast varieties. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in summer can enhance the synthesis and accumulation of nitrogen compounds in tea plants, inhibit the formation of carbohydrates in the body, inhibit reproductive growth, accelerate vegetative growth, promote yield and increase the content of amino acids in shoots, reduce the content of phenolic substances, and improve green tea. Quality has a good effect. To this end, the majority of green tea production areas should use high-content available nitrogen fertilizer as the top choice for summer fertilizer. Ammonium sulphate, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and compound fertilizers with high nitrogen content (N: P2O5: K2O is 4:1:1) are commonly used as good fertilizers for summer tea plantations. Phosphorus and potassium content in the tea garden soil is relatively low, tea gardens with low seed setting rate, black tea production area and oolong tea production area can use N:P2O5:K2O as the special compound fertilizer for tea.
Green food tea gardens and organic tea gardens should be selected by specialized agencies and meet the types of fertilizers allowed in green food tea gardens and organic tea gardens, such as manure (excluding forbidden substances proposed by licensing agencies), human and poultry manure (harmonized Treatment), organic tea special fertilizer and so on.
Third, pay attention to the amount of fertilizer
The amount of topdressing fertilizer in summer tea gardens was determined by the age of trees, the growth potential was strong, the tea yield was high and low, the soil nutrient level of tea gardens, and the management level of tea plantations were comprehensively considered. The tea yield was used as the main basis to determine the amount of fertilizer. In general, 100 kg dry tea is produced per acre (667 ?), and the annual total nitrogen production is about 15 kg, of which the top dressing amount accounts for about 50 % of the annual nitrogen application. The amount of topdressing fertilizer in the summer accounted for about 25 to 30% of the annual nitrogen application rate, that is, the first time in the summer (in late May), accounting for 10% of the annual nitrogen application rate; and the second time in the summer (2 after the tea). From late July to early July, it accounts for 15 to 20% of the annual nitrogen application. Three teas are often classified as autumn tea in production, so the second summer fat is also called autumn fat. General production of tea gardens, such as the use of special compound fertilizer for tea, can be used after the spring tea and after the second tea, Mu 50 to 100 kg.
In the tea gardens with water sources, the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once before the second tea and before the three teas in the summer. The foliar fertilizer concentration is: ammonium sulfate 1%, urea 0.5 to 1.0%, Aonong 300 times solution, and Fuquan 300 times Liquid, EM 1000 times liquid, brassin 10000 times, etc., as a supplement to the top dressing. About 150kg per acre spray fertilizer solution.
Fourth, pay attention to fertilization method
In the current situation where the amount of fertilizer in the tea garden is not very sufficient, the relatively concentrated application effect is relatively large. That is, the ground is ditched and distributed along the vertical position of the outer edge of the crown. The application of ditching is more effective than spreading soil on the soil between tea rows. It can avoid being leached by rainwater and avoid high-temperature volatilization and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Fertilization ditch depth of 10 to 15 cm, most of the nitrogen fertilizer is not stable ammonium, fertilization while covering the soil. Applying water fertilizer, the soil is sucked off after the soil is sucked. The application method varies depending on the individuality of the fertilizer species. For example, ammonium sulfate is 20-21% nitrogen. It is an ideal fertilizer for top-dressing in tea gardens. It is not only a nitrogen fertilizer but also a sulphur fertilizer. It is a physiological acid fertilizer and is a soil acidifier. Suitable for tea gardens with insufficient soil acidity; ammonia water contains 12 to 20% of nitrogen, which is characterized by strong fertility and application of water diluted 10 to 20 times before application. Ammonia is unstable, and it is easy to leak fat, run gas, lose fertilizer, and master the deep application when applying. , Side edge cover; ammonium chloride 25 ~ 26%, but the chlorine content is high, the tea tree system avoid chlorine plants, in order to avoid the accumulation of chloride ions in the soil a large number of poisoning tea, should be avoided in the dry period. Each time the amount of acre is not more than 15kg, and it is applied when there is a lot of rainwater. Ammonium bicarbonate contains about 17% nitrogen, which is extremely unstable under high temperature conditions, and is easily decomposed and volatilized. It was determined that exposure to temperatures above 20° C. for one day resulted in a loss of 8.86% of nitrogen, a loss of 74.09% after 10 days of exposure, and a total loss of fertility at 32°C for a half month of exposure. Therefore, it should not be stored under high temperature conditions. It should be emphasized that the soil should be covered with fertilization and be deeply covered when applied. However, if ammonium nitrate is used as a flowable nitrogen fertilizer, shallow application may be appropriate. The urea nitrogen content is approximately 45-46. %, is a neutral fertilizer, applied to the soil in the role of urease is ammoniated into ammonium carbonate before it can be absorbed by the tea tree, so the application time is a few days earlier than ammonium sulfate. Since urea contains a small amount of biuret and other substances, it has a certain toxic effect on tea plants, and should not be used in too large amounts at the same time. In addition, urea is a very weak molecule before it is decomposed, and its adsorption ability to the soil is poor. Leaked by rain, it should be avoided before heavy rain.
Fertilizers applied to tea gardens must be first dissolved in water before they can be absorbed by the roots. If the soil is dry and the soil is dry, the fertilizer has a small range of movement and can not fully exert the fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the fertilizer should be applied wetly; the dry planting should be completed in the rainy season and the soil is relatively dry. When wet is appropriate.
Spray foliar fertilizer concentration should be appropriate, the concentration is too low fertilizer effect, the concentration is too large to burn shoots, harm tea. When the temperature is high, it is better to spray it sooner or later so as not to increase the concentration of the fertilizer solution and to cause fertilizer damage. The effect of not raining within 24 hours after spraying is good. When the fish leaf is spread to the first leaf, it is best sprayed on the leaves.
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