Agricultural control is the first step in managing pests and diseases. This includes deep plowing, thorough soil preparation, removal of crop residues, and eliminating weeds in the field to reduce the initial population of pests and pathogens. The use of high-temperature fermented organic manure combined with a "Worli" formula fertilizer as a base fertilizer can further improve soil health and suppress disease development.
Chemical control plays a vital role in protecting crops from re-infestation. Seed coating technology should be widely promoted to provide early protection against pests. For subterranean pests and wheat midge infestations, a mixture of 40% methylisothiophos or 40% phoxim (0.3–1 kg) mixed with 25 kg of fine soil and 1–2 kg of water can be evenly spread on the soil surface before sowing. After sowing, the field should be plowed to ensure proper coverage.
In the case of wheat, if full-blown disease is present, 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder (222.5 g per 25 kg of soil) can be applied to the affected area. The dosage can be increased slightly in high-risk zones. For fields where pests and diseases are mixed, the same two agents can be used to prevent the spread of full-bleeding, sheath blight, and other soil-borne diseases, as well as underground pests.
To treat soil-borne issues and pests, a solution containing 40% methylisothiophos EC (10 ml) or 40% phoxim EC (20 ml), along with 3% Difendan (50–60 ml), 2% Rikho (10–15 ml), or 2.5% Shilok (15–20 ml), can be mixed with 0.5 kg of water and evenly distributed over 10 kg of wheat seeds. The seeds should be soaked for 1–3 hours until fully absorbed before sowing. This method ensures effective pest and disease control right from the planting stage.
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