First, fertilization management:
1. **Sufficient Seedling Period**: The term "seedling" refers to the stage where 80% of the planned number of panicles have developed. Under normal weather conditions, if you use a standard tillage method, it typically takes about 16–18 days after transplanting for sufficient seedlings to appear. In no-till conditions, this period may extend to 18–20 days. Fertilization timing should be adjusted based on weather conditions, soil fertility, and the growth status of the seedlings.
(1) If enough seedlings are present on time but they appear weak with pale leaves and poor growth, or if the required number of seedlings hasn’t been reached yet, timely fertilization is necessary. Apply approximately 1.75 kg of pure nitrogen along with potassium chloride in a ratio of 1:2–3.
(2) If the seedlings are growing well, but due to low soil fertility or insufficient early fertilization, the leaf color appears lighter than expected, and there are signs of premature redness, it’s important to apply fertilizer. Use around 1.25 kg of pure nitrogen with a 1:3 ratio of nitrogen to potassium chloride.
(3) When seedlings are healthy, with dark green leaves and no need for additional nitrogen, only phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used. A small amount of superphosphate mixed with 7.5 kg of potassium chloride can be applied effectively.
2. **Panicle Initiation Stage**: This phase usually begins around 40 days after transplanting, when the leaf sheaths start showing red coloration. At this point, the degree of redness indicates how much fertilizer should be applied.
(1) If the leaf color is nicely red and the development is good, apply about 2 kg of pure nitrogen with a 1:2 ratio of nitrogen to potassium. Combine it with compound fertilizer and potassium chloride for better results.
(2) If the redness is normal, you can slightly reduce nitrogen application but ensure adequate potassium. For example, use 1.25 kg of pure nitrogen with a 1:3 ratio of nitrogen to potassium.
(3) If the leaves don’t show redness, avoid applying nitrogen. Instead, use a combination of phosphorus and potassium—such as a small amount of superphosphate mixed with 5–7.5 kg of potassium chloride, applied in moist mud.
3. **Young Panicle Differentiation (4th to 5th stage)**: This occurs 10–12 days after the second stage of young panicle differentiation. At this time, the panicle length is about 0.5–1 cm, and the leaf color may still be insufficient, with signs of early redness. In such cases, apply appropriate fertilization. Typically, 7.5–10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu is recommended, avoiding the use of pure urea. If the leaf color is normal, this step may not be necessary.
**Second, Water Management**: Once sufficient seedlings are established, it’s important to expose the field to sunlight. About a week before the young panicle differentiation stage, keep the field dry to increase soil oxygen levels, enhance photosynthesis, and promote the development of strong stems. This also helps regulate leaf color changes. After the panicle has differentiated, irrigation should be maintained at a moist level, except during the few days when fertilization is applied.
**Third, Pest Control**: During the mid-growth stage of transplanted rice, the plant density is high, and ventilation is often poor, leading to high humidity. This makes the crop vulnerable to pests like sheath blight, rice blast, bacterial leaf streak, rice leaf roller, and planthoppers. Effective pest control is crucial during this period. Commonly used pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. During the seedling and young panicle stages, you can spray 50 grams of Mu Wenlingling in 75 kg of water, or mix 50 grams of wormwood spirit with 150–200 ml of insecticidal cream, or 100 ml of water-based insecticide to manage potential infestations. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to ensuring a healthy crop.
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