Peony is a small, deciduous shrub known for its rich and fragrant aroma, often described as cool, hot, damp, and humid. It thrives in both light and shaded conditions. In the Central Plains, peonies typically bloom from mid to late April, while in colder regions, their blooming period may be delayed until June. After flowering, peony enters a crucial growth phase, during which flower buds begin to form. This process usually starts in late May to mid-June, moving from south to north, and continues until October or November. The exact timing varies depending on the variety and local climate.
Summer is a critical season for peony growth, as it's when vegetative development and flower bud differentiation occur. However, it's also a time when pests, diseases, weeds, droughts, and floods are more common. Effective summer management is essential to ensure strong, healthy growth and vibrant blooms.
The main objective of summer peony care is "protect and promote" — protecting the leaves and roots, and promoting growth and flower bud development. Key techniques include:
First, disease and pest control. High temperatures and humidity create ideal conditions for leaf diseases and feeding pests. Prevention is key. Measures include:
1. Applying foliar protectants. Two weeks after flowering, spray 0.5% Bordeaux mixture (lime sulfur equivalent) on the leaves to prevent bacterial infections. This treatment lasts about two weeks and should be applied 2–3 times, at a rate of 100–150 kg per mu.
2. Fungicide application. From July to August, use fungicides like thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, or triadimefon. Apply 3–4 times, with intervals of 7–10 days.
3. Insecticide use. Combine insecticides such as pyrethroids or omethoate with fungicides to control pests.
Second, irrigation and drainage. Summer rains can be heavy, so proper drainage is vital. In some areas, irrigation may be necessary. Key steps include:
1. Preparing for flooding. Before the rainy season, repair drainage ditches and install flood barriers in low-lying areas. Large-scale plantings should have drainage pumps available.
2. Timely water removal. After heavy rain, drain water quickly. Deep cultivation can help speed up water loss from the soil.
3. Removing underground compaction. Compacted soil layers can cause root rot and even plant death. Install deeper drains or drill holes between rows to improve drainage.
Third, scientific fertilization. Adequate nutrients and water are essential for healthy summer growth. For nutrient-deficient soils, apply a balanced compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio of 2:2:1 or 2:1:1), at 15–20 kg per acre. Foliar sprays of 0.2–0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other liquid fertilizers can also be beneficial.
Fourth, weeding. Summer is a peak season for weeds, which compete for nutrients and water, reduce air circulation, and increase disease risk. Cultivating 5–6 times during the season helps control weeds and maintain soil moisture. In some cases, intercropping hay between rows can suppress weed growth and regulate soil temperature. This method works well in well-drained peony gardens.
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