Retaining sorghum residue at the time of wheat harvest is one of the simplest and most effective methods to boost fertilizer production. This practice has been widely adopted for many years due to its proven benefits.
Wheat straw contains significant amounts of essential nutrients, including 0.4 to 0.6% nitrogen (N), 0.2 to 1.4% phosphorus pentoxide (Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…), and 0.5 to 0.9% potassium oxide (Kâ‚‚O), along with various trace elements. When returned to the field, it not only directly supplies these nutrients to the soil but also enhances soil structure, improves water retention, and increases the soil's ability to hold onto nutrients. Over time, this process boosts soil fertility and increases organic matter content. A four-year study on high wheat stubble retention showed that soil organic matter increased from 8.8 g/kg to 10.6 g/kg, while undisturbed plots remained at 8.2 g/kg. This increase of 1.8 g/kg over four years highlights the effectiveness of retaining high stubble in addressing current agricultural challenges such as fertilizer shortages, summer harvesting, and sowing, as well as easing labor and resource pressures. It is a key strategy for promoting ecological agriculture.
Field experiments over many years have shown that leaving 15 cm of sorghum residue per mu results in about 150 kg of stubble, while 20 cm leaves around 175 kg, and 25 cm yields approximately 250 kg. In contrast, leaving only 5 to 10 cm of residue results in just 80 to 130 kg being returned to the field. From a yield perspective, leaving 15 to 20 cm of residue leads to the greatest increase. Compared to the conventional stubble height, this method can boost wheat yield by 23.1 kg per acre, resulting in a 9.8% increase. This demonstrates that proper residue management is not only beneficial for soil health but also significantly improves crop output.
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