Shaded farms should be located in well-ventilated and open areas, ideally oriented along the north-south axis to optimize airflow and reduce heat exposure. Before the high-temperature season begins, a temporary pergola can be built using fireweed and branches on the sunny side of the pig house to block direct sunlight and create a cooler microclimate.
Planting greenery around the pig house is an effective way to improve the environment. By strategically placing trees and flowering plants, you not only enhance aesthetics but also provide natural shade. The leaves of these plants absorb sunlight and release moisture through transpiration, which helps lower the surrounding temperature and improves air quality.
Proper ventilation is crucial during hot weather. Convert the pig house doors into ventilation openings to increase airflow and remove harmful gases. In more extreme cases, mechanical ventilation systems such as fans or blowers can be installed to ensure continuous air circulation. This helps maintain a comfortable temperature for pigs throughout the day and night.
When temperatures rise above 30°C, misting systems can be used to cool the environment. Water can be sprayed on the roof of the pig house (excluding the branch house) regularly. For optimal cooling, spray water every hour. Drip cooling systems are especially beneficial for sows and breeding pigs. These systems deliver a slow, steady flow of water onto the neck, shoulders, and back of the pig at intervals of 30 to 60 minutes. Growing pigs can be cooled directly with deep well water, but care should be taken to avoid spraying their heads. Free-range pig farms can install shallow pools in a corner of the house so that pigs can cool off by soaking in the water.
Wet curtain cooling has become a popular and efficient method in recent years. When the wet curtain is 10 to 20 cm thick and the airflow speed is between 1.0 and 1.2 m/s, the system can achieve a cooling efficiency of 80% to 87%, reducing the indoor temperature by 5 to 10°C. The effectiveness of this system increases in drier and hotter conditions, making it a reliable option for large-scale operations.
Air conditioning is another highly effective cooling solution. It not only lowers the temperature but also regulates humidity, creating a more stable and comfortable environment for pigs. While it is the most effective method for preventing heat stress, it comes with higher installation and operational costs. Despite the expense, it remains one of the best options for maintaining pig health during extreme heat.
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