Shaded farms should be located in well-ventilated and open areas, preferably oriented in a north-south direction to optimize airflow and reduce heat exposure. Before the high-temperature season begins, a simple pergola can be constructed on the sunny side of the pig house using fireweed and branches to provide shade and prevent direct sunlight from entering.
Planting greenery around the pig house is also beneficial. By strategically placing trees and flowers, not only does it enhance the aesthetic appeal and create a greener environment, but it also helps block sunlight and absorb heat through plant photosynthesis, effectively lowering the surrounding temperature.
Improving ventilation is essential during hot weather. In summer, the pig house doors can be converted into ventilation openings to increase air circulation and remove harmful gases. If possible, mechanical ventilation systems such as fans or blowers should be installed to ensure consistent airflow throughout the facility, allowing every pig to benefit from proper air movement 24/7.
When temperatures rise above 30°C, misting systems can be used to cool the environment. Water can be sprayed on the roof of the pig house (excluding the branch house) regularly. For optimal cooling, misting should occur once per hour. For sows and breeding pigs, a drip cooling system is effective—installing drip devices above the pig's shoulders and applying low-flow water to the neck, shoulder, and back every 30–60 minutes. Growing and finishing pigs can be cooled by spraying them directly with deep well water, making sure not to spray their heads. Free-range farms can build shallow pools in a corner of the pig house, allowing pigs to cool off by soaking in the water.
Wet curtain cooling has become a popular and efficient method in recent years. When the wet curtain is 10–20 cm thick and the airflow speed is between 1.0 and 1.2 m/s, the cooling efficiency can reach 80–87%, reducing the indoor temperature by 5–10°C. The drier and hotter the outside air, the more effective the wet curtain becomes, resulting in better cooling performance.
Air conditioning in pig houses offers the most effective solution for both temperature and humidity control. It significantly reduces the risk of heat stress and provides a comfortable living environment for the animals. However, this method comes at a higher cost, making it less accessible for some farmers. Despite the expense, it remains one of the best cooling strategies available today.
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