In mid to late August, the period of vegetable pest damage coincided with the transplanting season for autumn cauliflower, cabbage, and Chinese cabbage. Summer beans, loofah, green soybeans, and shallots were all thriving in the fields. The weather remained hot and unpredictable, leading to a complex and severe pest situation. After a comprehensive analysis, it is expected that three generations of the Spodoptera litura (commonly known as the cotton bollworm) will occur this year. These pests are likely to cause moderate damage, while greenhouse tobacco whiteflies may show localized infestations. Therefore, local authorities must enhance monitoring efforts, implement targeted control measures, and ensure the healthy growth of vegetables.
**What has happened so far**
1. **Spodoptera litura**: From July 11 to August 8, a total of 35 moths were captured using light traps, similar to the previous year. A moth peak was observed between August 1 and 5, with an average of 5.3 moths per day. On August 7–8, surveys in the southern suburbs revealed an average of 10 eggs and 15 larvae per plant on crops like cabbage, taro, and kidney beans. The field is expected to enter the middle stage of young larvae in mid-August, with a second peak anticipated in late August.
2. **Spodoptera exigua**: Since mid-July, the number of moths caught in black light traps has been low. A small peak occurred on August 4, with four moths recorded. Early morning inspections on August 7 in rapeseed fields found scattered young larvae. It is expected that insect populations will increase in mid-August, leading to more significant damage.
3. **Bemisia tabaci (whitefly)**: This newly emerged piercing-sucking pest has rapidly spread across China in recent years. It mainly affects greenhouse vegetables and surrounding fields, damaging leafy vegetables such as radish, cabbage, broccoli, as well as melons and eggplants. On August 8, investigations in the southern suburbs showed a marked increase in Bemisia tabaci infestation around greenhouses. If not controlled, the damage is expected to worsen.
4. **Bean pod borer**: Larvae bore into pods, flowers, and buds, causing flower drop and fruit loss. Cowpeas are particularly vulnerable during their flowering stage. Currently, some late-seeded summer kidney beans are beginning to bloom. Surveys conducted in Ludu and Chengxiang on August 7–8 showed a 5–15% flowering rate. High temperatures favor the reproduction of bean pod borers, and the third generation of larvae is expected to appear in mid to late August.
**Prevention and Control Recommendations**
1. **For Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua**, focus on protecting young cabbages, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, spinach, cowpeas, soybeans, and other vegetables. The control period should be from August 11–13, repeated every 7–8 days. The first application can use 5% Suppressor diluted at 1500 times, 2.4% fast floating liquid at 1:1000, or 50% agricultural pesticide at 1000 times. The second round can use 10% Divide at 2000 times or 20% rice bran at 1500 times. Spraying should be done in the evening for better effectiveness.
2. **For Bemisia tabaci**, immediate action is needed in greenhouse and nearby vegetable plots where infestations have already been detected. Use 25% Jimmy Jia at 1000 times or 5% fipronil at 1500 times. Since whiteflies are highly mobile, spraying should start from the field edges and move inward to maximize coverage.
3. **For bean pod borer**, target the flowering stage of cowpeas. Apply pesticides every 7–8 days, preferably between 8–10 AM. Use pyrethroid-based sprays diluted at 1:2000. Consistent treatment during this critical phase is essential to reduce losses.
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