Six key factors determine compost success or failure
Xia Yun
The use of domestic and industrial waste compost to produce organic fertilizer can not only dispose of waste, reduce environmental pollution, but also obtain high-quality organic fertilizer at a low cost. This is a major event that benefits the nation and the people. However, the traditional compost fermentation process has the disadvantages of long accumulation fermentation time, incomplete fermentation, easy mold deterioration and large loss of fertilizer efficiency, affecting the use effect and the need to improve the fermentation process. If a compost with moldy or incomplete maturity is applied to the field, not only will it not increase production and increase efficiency, but it will reduce the yield of crops rather than gain. Is compost really so hard? In fact, composting is not difficult, as long as it grasps several key points. Here I will explain how to control the composting process from six key points:
First, choose a suitable fermentation agent. This is more important! Some people say that without fermenting bacteria, why can the materials be processed into organic fertilizers? In actual fact, if fermentation auxiliaries are not added, the fermentation period will be too long, the loss of nutrients in the whole process will be more serious, and the fermentation will inevitably be affected by some spoilage bacteria, resulting in a decline in the quality of compost, and ultimately leading to a higher cost of composting. output. So how do you choose a dazzling array of fermentation auxiliaries? Want to understand product information as much as possible through various channels, such as the technical background of the manufacturer, when to start engaging in this business, where the technology comes from, how many users, how many distribution agents, in which newspapers, magazines, radio and television media have done advertising Promotion. What is the long-term reputation of this company or manufacturer, who is responsible for it, whether it has visibility, etc.? In all products, the Kinpo-1 Ferment Fermentation Aid is undoubtedly one of the best. Golden Baby Fermentation Aid is a complex flora composed of bacteria, filamentous bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, and other natural beneficial microorganisms and has a very good ability to decompose and digest oxygen during fermentation. Various "functional microbes" do not antagonize each other and cooperate in combat. They use "functional" microorganisms to form powerful "biochemical reactions" in the "rapid" (hourly) and "large" (hundreds of millions) reproduction processes. , To complete the process of "deodorization", "decay", "killing insects", "sterilization" and nutrient conversion of organic materials, and to achieve "harmless" and "resources" treatment of all kinds of chicken manure, pig manure and cattle The purpose of sheep and other animal manure, deciduous sawdust and other animal and plant waste, household waste, or any other organic material that needs to be disposed of. The use of goldfish fermentation auxiliaries to produce bio-organic fertilizer has the characteristics of fast fermentation, good fermentation, high-temperature fermentation, low-temperature fermentation, greatly shortening production time, and reducing costs.
Second, regulate the nutrient composition and carbon and nitrogen ratio of the material. In the compost system, changes or degradation of organic matter always follow the following rules: During the composting process, soluble and easily decomposable organic substances such as sugars are first degraded, followed by protein and cellulose. In the composting process, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in organic matter has an important influence on the decomposition rate. According to the average calculation of the microbial activity, it is known that for each composition of 1 body of synthetic carbon, microorganisms use about 4 parts of carbon as energy. Take bacteria as an example. Bacteria have a carbon-nitrogen ratio of (4-5):1, and the synthesis of such constitutional cells uses 16-20 carbons to provide anabolic energy, so when they grow and reproduce, the required carbon-nitrogen ratio is (20-25):1; The fungal carbon and nitrogen ratio is about 10:1, so the best carbon-nitrogen ratio for the composting process is (25-35:1) if the carbon-nitrogen ratio exceeds 40:1, the available carbon With many elements, the relative lack of nitrogen nutrients, the development of bacteria and other microorganisms is limited, the rate of decomposition of hunger is slow, and the fermentation process is long. If the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is higher, the C/N ratio of finished compost will be too high. After this compost puts soil, it will seize the nitrogen in the soil and cause the soil to become “nitrogen starvedâ€, which will affect the crop growth. If the carbon to nitrogen ratio is lower than 20:1. Less carbon can be consumed by the flood. With relative surplus of nitrogen nutrient, nitrogen will become volatile according to the state nitrogen. Lead to a large loss of nitrogen and reduce fertilizer efficiency.
Third, strictly control the moisture content of the material. The control of moisture is also an important part of the composting process. During the composting process, the decomposition of organic matter and the growth and reproduction of microorganisms are indispensable. The main effects of water in composting are: 1 Dissolve organic matter and participate in the metabolism of microorganisms. 2 Take away heat when water evaporates and adjust the compost temperature. How much water composting material directly affects the speed of aerobic composting reaction, affects the quality of compost, and even can affect the success or failure of aerobic composting process. For composting, if the moisture content is too high, the raw material will be compressed or its internal free space will be filled by the water film, which will reduce the rate of free voids, affect the air diffusion, and cause a large amount of anaerobic state due to the shortage of organic oxygen supply. , Produce odor; If the moisture content is too low, it will hinder the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, delay the speed of compost reaction, and even lead to the failure of the entire process. So how do you adjust the moisture of the compost? For compost materials with a low moisture content, it is better to handle them and add water directly, making it easier to operate. For compost materials with high moisture content, the following methods can be used: 1 Some dry materials can be added for adjustment, such as sawdust, straw powder, etc. 2 The whole straw can be added to increase the permeability of the material to facilitate excess moisture. Dispersion, 3 conditions can also provide regular agitation through mechanical equipment, but also facilitate the loss of excess water. 4 The raw materials with high moisture content can also be air-dried or heat-dried before composting to reduce the moisture content.
Fourth, reasonably control the temperature of compost. Temperature is also an important factor affecting composting and microbial activity. At the early stage of composting, the temperature of the material was basically at medium temperature, and the mesophilic bacteria were more active and multiplyed. With the progress of fermentation, microorganisms will convert part of the organic matter into heat during the process of using organic matter. Because the compost material has a good thermal insulation effect, the temperature of the stack rises, and it can reach 50-60 degrees or more in a day or two. High, mesophilic bacteria are inhibited and even die, while thermophilic bacteria begin to reproduce at high speed, and the proliferation of thermophilic bacteria and the obvious increase of temperature increase the temperature of compost fermentation directly from medium to high temperatures and stabilize at high temperatures for some time. . It is in this temperature range that the parasites and case protozoa in the compost are killed, the humus begins to form, and the compost reaches an initial maturity. At the later stage of the re-fermentation, since most of the organic matter has been degraded, the compost will no longer have a new energy accumulation, and the temperature of the compost will fall back. At this time, the compost product will be further stabilized and finally reach a deep maturity, and the temperature drop will also be a completion of the fermentation. Sign. Temperature control can be controlled by controlling the ventilation and increasing or decreasing the tipping frequency. In the early stage of composting, increasing the ventilation is conducive to satisfying the oxygen supply, so that the biochemical reaction can proceed smoothly, and the temperature of the compost material can be increased. After the compost temperature rises to the peak, the ventilation control is mainly based on the control of temperature, and at this time, the air supply is increased again. It is possible to carry away the heat by evaporating the water so that the temperature of the compost material decreases. Increasing the tipping frequency can also generally reduce the temperature of the material.
Fifth, control oxygen supply and ventilation. Ventilation control is a key to the success of aerobic composting. The main purpose of ventilation is to provide oxygen, increase the oxygen content in the material gap, and speed up the fermentation process of the material. 2 Through the ventilation to adjust the temperature of the composting material fermentation, 3 can be ventilated to control and regulate the moisture content of the material. Among these three purposes, the oxygen content in the material is mainly controlled. Increasing the oxygen content of the material is mainly done in the following ways: (1) Using the natural diffusion of air, oxygen is diffused into the accumulation layer from the surface of the accumulation layer, and 2 pairs of materials are turned over to increase oxygen supply, generally during the entire process of composting. To turn four or five times, 3 forced ventilation, using a fan to send air inside the material to achieve the purpose, 4 can insert hollow tubes in the material or add some whole straw to increase the material permeability to increase oxygen supply.
Six, control the size of the material particles. The particle size of the material in the composting process is directly related to the ventilating oxygen supply during the compost fermentation process, water loss, temperature rise and retention, and thus affecting the composting processing speed and the compost fermentation cycle. Different raw materials have different particle sizes, shapes and properties, and the degree of mixing of raw materials is also very different. Therefore, the size of particles to be controlled by different compost materials is also different and cannot be generalized. For example, the texture of the straw is hard and the stem surface also contains a waxy layer. Therefore, when composting, the straw should be shredded first to make it 1-5cm long, with 1-2cm being the most suitable. For thicker stalks such as corn stalks, they should be crushed in addition to chopped pieces.
As long as we grasp the above key points, we can make high quality and efficient bio-organic fertilizer.
fenleijieshaohui fang zai na li ne
guanjianci
Ganzhou Green days Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.tlqcjs.com