Abalone seed breeding technology

Black abalone (formerly hybrid offspring of Haliotis discus hannai and Japanese abalone) has a shell shape similar to that of the discus abalone. However, the level of the body spiral is obvious, and 4-5 shell holes communicate with the outside. It is the larger individual species of abalone in China. Now we will introduce the breeding techniques of black abalone seedlings as follows.
First, the choice of pro-shellfish
In mid-October, the water temperature is 20-24°C. Abalone abalone raised or cultivated in the sea area is selected. The shell length is longer than 6 cm, and the vigor is strong without damage. The gonadal appearance is very full, the base is convex, and the end is full of gonads and is purely round. Female gonads are green (a few are brown green), male gonads are milky yellow.
Second, the oxytocin production using dry and ultraviolet irradiation seawater induction combined method. Pro-Bao Xian Yin 30-60 minutes, then placed in a 30-liter glass tank, put 5-10 per tank, male and female separately, male to female ratio of 4:1, ultraviolet radiation dose of 300-800 mW / h, irradiation The seawater is stimulated with 20 liters/hour of water, and ovulation can be performed after 2-3 hours.
Third, artificial insemination and hatching Eggs and sperm collected separately should be artificially inseminated within one hour to increase the fertilization rate. Insemination should draw appropriate amount of sperm into the abalone egg collection basin and mix well, take a little observation of each fertilized egg. About 10 sperm around the eggs are more suitable. Incubation begins 15 minutes after insemination, 20 minutes apart and 3-5 times.
The fertilized eggs are transferred to the hatchery trough after hatching. The hatching trough is suitable for a small sink of 0.5 to 1 tons, the hatching density is 20/ml, and the stirring is performed once every half hour, and the water is changed once every 3 hours. Water temperature 23 °C, fertilized eggs hatched larvae after 10-12 hours.
IV. Pre-cultivation of young seedlings and juvenile abalone. The floating larvae are collected by siphoning. After counting, they are placed in nursery ponds with an area of ​​10-30 m2. The density of seedlings is 40,000-50,000 per square meter. Larvae. The seedling harvester is a universal seedling harvester for nine-hole borer nursery, which uses a 80 cm x 80 cm polyethylene film to tie a fist-shaped stone in its middle. One week before pickling, the benthic diatom is cultivated and used before harvesting. 1-2 g/m3 Trichlorfon bath picker for 6 hours to kill benthic copepods, washed in fresh sea water and transferred to the seedling pool, arranged in 20 sheets per square meter.
Water temperature 20-24 °C, black abalone fertilized eggs can enter the benthic habitat 3-5 days of life, then from sterile water to water culture, the daily exchange of water for the whole pool 1-2 times, to maintain water temperature, salinity relatively stable. Frequent observation of benthic diatom breeding on the harvester, proper adjustment of light and aeration, timely fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer application amount of 5 g/m3, phosphorus 0.1 g/m3, silicon 0.1 g/m3, iron 0.01 g/m3 concentration. Nutrients should be prevented from breeding in the breeding process, and copepods can be poisoned by trichlorfon.
Fifth, the post-cultivation of young abalone When the young abalone grows to 0.3-0.6 centimeters, the benthic diatom is difficult to meet its nutritional needs, the young abalone should be stripped from the picking plate, available 2%-3% alcohol anesthesia or manual Apply lightly. Feeding in the original nursery pond, four-foot bricks are used as attachments at the bottom of the pond. The rearing density is 2000-3000 per square meter, and the daily water exchange capacity is 6-7 times that of the rearing water body. With artificial baits, supplemented with leeks, or individually fed with leeks, the leeks should be ground and ground. Clean the pool 2-3 times a week to remove residual baits and excrement.
Juvenile Bao was cultivated until April of the following year, and the shell was 0.6-1.5 cm long.
Sixth, the middle of the young abalone raise the middle of the young bait training there are two ways of breeding on the sea and on the ground, the bait is dominated by leeks.
The facilities bred in the middle of the sea include fishing rafts or floating rafts. The breeding equipment uses square or cone-shaped plastic buckets with a volume of 0.06 m3. There are small holes with a diameter of 0.6 cm around. It is favorable for the exchange of water bodies, and the barrels are stocked with 1-2 cm in size. About 200 capsules of young abalone were used to remove residual bait impurities every 3 days.
Land-based breeding is the use of the rearing facilities of the young hatchery. The management method is basically the same as the rearing of the juvenile abalone. The rearing density should be appropriately diluted to 1,000-2,000 square meters per day, and the daily water supply volume should be 7-10 times that of the cultivated water body.
After 4-5 months of incubation, the young abalone grow to 1.5-4 cm, with an average of 3.0 cm.
Seventh, summary and discussion
1. Survival rate The early incubation period of juvenile abalone is calculated as 55% of the larvae seedlings, and the survival rate is 70%-16% by the time of expropriation. Before April of the following year, the survival rate was about 80%. In April, the temperature of the water rose back to 20°C. The young abalone raised in the middle of the land suffered widespread and widespread deaths in a short period of time. The daily mortality rate was as high as 10%, resulting in a survival rate of about 30% in the intermediate cultivation. The use of antibiotics and other drugs during the death period had no significant effect. Whether the reasons are related to the improper use of baits, feeding density and climate change, etc., will be discussed in the future.
The death of juvenile abalone in the middle of the sea occurs when the water temperature in the summer and autumn sea reaches 28°C. The mortality rate within 1 cm is high. The average survival rate is in the open waters where the water quality is clear, the flow is smooth, and the salinity is 25‰-34‰. About 50%.
2. Developmental growth The seedlings that were harvested after the end of November were slowly growing at temperatures below 20°C due to low water temperatures. The growth rate of juvenile abalone, juvenile abalone growth temperature is 18-26 °C, sea bred faster than the middle of the continent to grow. Therefore, the production of productive seedlings should be considered before mid-November. It is advisable to use juvenile abalone for breeding in sea areas where conditions permit. If young abalones are raised on land, the density should be adjusted in time according to the growth of abalone, which is conducive to growth and increase the survival rate.

Cardiovascular:

Relating to the circulatory system, which comprises the heart and blood vessels and carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from them. Cardiovascular diseases are conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels and include arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, shock, endocarditis, diseases of the aorta and its branches, disorders of the peripheral vascular system, and congenital heart disease.Related Products:cardiovascular drugs.

Urinary:

For the treatment ofl some diseases of the urinary system.

Different specialists treat urinary system ailments. Nephrologists treat kidney diseases, while urologists treat problems with the urinary tract, including the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, bladder and urethra, according to the American Urological Association (AUA). Urologists also treat the male reproductive organs, while gynecologists often treat urinary diseases or disorders in females, including yeast infections. Nephrologists and urologists often work with endocrinologists or oncologists, depending on the disease.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys. While UTIs are more common in women, they can occur in men. UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics, according to Dr. Oscar Aguirre, a urogynecologist in Denver.

Incontinence is another common disease of the urinary system. It can come in the form of a pelvic prolapse, which can result in leakage and can be the result of a vaginal

delivery. Then there is the overactive bladder, [which we see a lot and is not related to having children or trauma," Aguirre said. A third condition involves overflow, in which the bladder does not completely empty.

Some common treatments involve medications, physical therapy and pelvic mesh surgery, Aguirre noted. Vaginal laser surgery is also becoming a viable treatment option, he explained. [In another 10 to 15 years, vaginal laser surgery will be another common option for the treatment of urinary conditions."

Interstitial cystitis (IC), also called painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic bladder condition, primarily in women, that causes bladder pressure and pain and, sometimes, pelvic pain to varying degrees, according to the Mayo Clinic. It can cause bladder scarring, and can make the bladder less elastic. While the cause isn`t known, many people with the condition also have a defect in their epithelium, the protective lining of the bladder.

Prostatitis is a swelling of the prostate gland and, therefore, can only occur in men. Often caused by advanced age, symptoms include urinary urgency and frequency, pelvic pain and pain during urination, the Mayo Clinic noted.

Kidney stones are clumps of calcium oxalate that can be found anywhere in the urinary tract. Kidney stones form when chemicals in the urine become concentrated enough to form a solid mass, according to the Cleveland Clinic. They can cause pain in the back and sides, as well as blood in the urine. Many kidney stones can be treated with minimally invasive therapy, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which disintegrates the kidney stones with shock waves.

Kidney failure, also called renal failure and chronic kidney disease, can be a temporary (often acute) condition or can become a chronic condition resulting in the inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood. Other conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, can cause chronic kidney disease, according to the Mayo Clinic. Acute cases may be caused by trauma or other damage, and may improve over time with treatment. However, renal disease may lead to chronic kidney failure, which may require dialysis treatments or even a kidney transplant.

Bladder cancer is diagnosed in about 75,000 Americans each year and is more frequent in men and the elderly according to the American Cancer Society. The symptoms, including back or pelvic pain, difficulty urinating and urgent/and or frequent urination, mimic other diseases or disorders of the urinary system.

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