Tomato not only has a well-developed root system, but also has the ability to produce side branches from each leaf axillary, with fast growth of lateral branches and easy flowering. According to this characteristic, we adopted the continuous cropping and pruning method in tomato cultivation in the greenhouse for head-to-head reproduction, which allowed the greenhouse tomato to be harvested once from the colonization and then transformed into a trifoliate plantation once harvested, that is, the three-fruited tomato cultivation. The cultivation
The technically grown tomato has a total output of 2.5 to 3 times higher than that of regular autumn and winter tomato, and the output value exceeds that of the conventional two-season cultivation (Autumn/Winter plus winter and spring), while the management labor and production costs are reduced by about 20% compared with the two seasons. .
The technology can be carried out in autumn or winter pods or in winter and spring pods, but the economic benefits of cultivating in autumn and winter are better. In the Huocheng County of Xinjiang, the most reasonable sowing date is the best in mid-August. The harvesting periods are: the end of November to the middle of January, the second to the end of March to the end of May, and the third is 6 Late in the month to early August. The key is to seize the first phase and the second phase of the listing period to ensure better economic returns. The technical points are now described as follows:
First, the greenhouse performance is better
This is the premise for the cultivation of greenhouse tomato trifoliate fruit. Because in the solar energy-saving greenhouse production, when the outside night temperature drops to -20°C in winter, the temperature in the greenhouse cannot be lower than 8°C without heating, the ground temperature is not lower than 10°C in 10cm, and the height is 1m in a sunny greenhouse The average light intensity reaches over 70%. In accordance with such basic living conditions, the winter tomato can grow normally.
II. Method for cultivation of tomato three-pink fruits
After planting and easing seedlings, adopt single dry pruning to retain 3 to 4 ear fruit, and when the second ear fruit is harvested, change the head and leave lateral branches to cultivate the second pod; when the second pod is harvested nearly half, change the head to leave the third capsule. . It is characterized by a nursery colonization and three harvests.
1. Head lice management: When the third or fourth inflorescence of the first pod of the trunk blooms, leave 2 to 3 leaves on its inflorescence topping and remove the lateral branches below the first inflorescence. When the fruit of the second inflorescence of the first inflorescence was harvested by 1/3, 2 robust lateral branches were planted and maintained in each plant. After the emergence of these lateral branches, replace the main stem with a strong lateral branch and let it bloom. At this time, the other branch can be knocked out. If there are no seedlings in the vicinity or there are no robust lateral branches in the nearby calluses, two lateral branches may be left in place of the main trunk. This is the first change of head. Remove all the leaves, diseased fruits, and branches under the first inflorescence, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and conduct water and fertilizer management and pest control. When the first three, four infructescences are harvested, the main stem above the selected lateral branches will be cut off immediately, and the remaining old leaves, diseased leaves, and residual fruits on the main trunk will be removed at the same time to facilitate the healthy growth of the second crop. 2. The management of the second mandarin duck: The second mango fruit produced after the head replacement should be made with hormones to ensure fruit setting. In order to ensure the yield, the fertilizer is topdressed for 2 or 3 times during the fruit enlargement period, and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary fertilizers is noted. When the third inflorescence of the second capsule blossoms, leave 2 to 3 leaves to pick it up. At this time, in order to facilitate the management, if the tomato vines are too high, they can be entrenched and reduced in height. 3. Sanken management: When the second half of the harvest is harvested, it will be replaced for the second time. Select side branches and management methods with the second capsule. During the growth period, water and fertilizer management must be strengthened to prevent and control pests and diseases.
Third, other management requirements
1. Temperature and humidity management:
1 The growth period of the second crop is in the winter of low temperature and low light. There are many days of cloudy snow and there is a serious shortage of light, which is not conducive to flowering and fruit setting of tomato. Therefore, we must strengthen management to ensure lighting conditions in order to be successful. In order to ensure lighting, the reflective screen can be added.
2 The temperature control must be scientific. Try to keep it at 25-28°C during the daytime from morning to noon, 18°C ​​to 23°C in the afternoon before the straw curtain, 14-18°C in the middle of the night, and 10°C or more before the curtain is opened in the middle of the night. The minimum temperature should be above 6°C.) At the same time do a good job of ventilation, reduce the humidity within the shed to reduce the incidence of gray mold, early blight, leaf mold. Ventilation work should be carried out gradually several times a day (except wind and snow days), adhere to the principle of small ventilation outlet to adjust the temperature, that is, science under the premise of scientific temperature control ventilation, avoid excessive temperature or large open mouth, so as not to cause temperature out of control.
2. Water and fertilizer management:
1 Because the growth period of tomato trifoliate is long, it is difficult to apply base fertilizer during the growth period. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the base fertilizer before planting, and the fermented and decomposed sheep manure and chicken manure of 8 to 10 cubic meters and superphosphate 80 to 100 per 667 square meters. Kg, Diammonium phosphate 40-50 kg, Potassium sulfate 40-50 kg. Organic manure is used as the base fertilizer. Half of the chemical fertilizer is applied to a depth of 30 cm. The other half is applied under the ridge when the soil is ridiculed.
2 The principle of top dressing in tomato growing process is to “eat less mealsâ€, and the amount of fertilizer should not be large each time. According to the actual production of 667 square meters each time topdressing urea 8 to 10 kg, potassium sulfate 6 to 8 kg. In winter, fertilizers such as urea and diammonium phosphate are not applied in order to avoid lowering the ground temperature. Dilute chicken manure or large manure water can be used for flushing, and foliar surfaces are periodically sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, and melon greens. Watering depends on the weather and the specific growth of tomato seedlings.
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