According to the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology's website recently reported that since the acid fruit genome study began in 2001, Brazil has currently sequenced about 55,000 genes for acidic fruits. Researchers have also used the results of gene sequencing to study acid fruit diseases and insect pests. This study has important implications for improving acid fruit varieties and improving their ability to resist pests and diseases.
Acid fruits, mainly citrus fruits. Its pest and disease problems are a major problem that has plagued the industry for a long time. According to sources from the Institute of Acid, Fruit and Agricultural Economics in Sao Paulo, the Acid Fruit Genome Sequencing and Breeding Improvement Project has been supported by the National Science and Technology Development Committee of Brazil's Ministry of Science and Technology. The project mainly focused on genetic sequencing of orange, tangerine and some hybrid acid fruit varieties. By comparing the genetic data of the varieties, these fruits were identified as being resistant to pests and diseases, drought resistance, and improving the quality and nutrition of fruits and juices. The related genes, in turn, find the most effective way to control the pests and diseases of fruits and improve the quality of varieties. In addition, the project also studied how to solve the problem of low fruit moisture content.
In order to evaluate the data obtained and the research results, the São Paulo Acid Fruit Agricultural Economics Institute has also established a testing network for the detection of fruit varieties in selected plantations. More than 800 new fruit hybrids are being tested in São Paulo and Parana.
The implementation of the Acid Fruit Genetic Sequencing Research Project in Brazil has caused great repercussions internationally. The São Paulo Institute of Acid Fruit Agricultural Economics has now become a founding member of the International Acid Fruit Gene Mapping Society and a leading member of the Society. Representatives of the Society include the United States, Japan, Spain, Australia, China, Italy and France. It is reported that representatives from various countries will hold a meeting at the United States Department of Energy’s Joint Gene Research Institute in January 2007 and will conduct discussions on issues such as determining the complete sequence of the orange genes.
Acid fruit is the most important agricultural project in Brazil. It has an annual export income of 1.5 billion U.S. dollars and employs 400,000 people. Although Brazil is the world’s largest producer of acid fruits and the largest exporter of fruit juices, due to the growing pest and disease problems, Brazil’s production efficiency and economic efficiency of acidic fruits are still not satisfactory compared with their main competitors such as Florida.
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