For thousands of years, cotton fibers provided by cotton crops have been an important raw material for human textiles. However, although the cottonseeds associated with the cotton fibers are rich in nutrients, they have never been reused by humans because of the toxic substance gossypol. In most cases, the flaxseeds that have been separated from the cotton fiber can only be used as feed for cattle (those with 4 stomachs can tolerate the toxicity of gossypol), or they can be used to extract oil after the gossypol is removed.
However, the above situation may soon be changed because scientists in Texas in the United States have recently found a way to eliminate the toxicity of cotton seed and make it a food for human consumption, which can solve the problem of famine in many parts of the world. .
A team composed of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, the Texas A&M University, and the Southern Plains Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, under the leadership of plant biologist Dr. Keldi Lair, used transgenic technology to achieve detoxification of cottonseed. Lamar said: “What's exciting is that our findings can reduce the content of the toxic substance, gossypol, in cottonseeds to a level that can be eaten safely.†He also pointed out that the seeds that they treat are in line with the World Health Organization and The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Standards are expected to become new high-protein foods that can meet the food needs of 500 million people each year.
Gossypol is present in the parts of the cotton crop that are exposed to the soil, including the seeds. Laval’s team used gene suppression technology to shut down the gossypol gene in cottonseeds without disrupting the gene's expression in other parts of the plant, allowing the plant to remain resistant to insects and diseases.
RNAi technology is often used by medical researchers to find cancer and AIDS therapies. The discoverers were Professor Andrew Farr of the American University of Stanford Medical School and Professor Craig Mello of the Massachusetts Medical School. 2006 Nobel Prize in Biomedicine. Lamar said: "What we have done is to selectively use RNAi technology to limit a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cottonseed."
Most people do not know that producing 1 pound (about 0.45 kg) of cotton fiber will produce 1.6 pounds of cottonseed. Each year, the global cotton crop produces about 44 million tons of cottonseed, while the protein content of cottonseeds is as high as 22%, and the protein quality is also high. In other words, the annual production of cottonseed in the world can provide 10 million tons of high-quality protein.
Many years ago, researchers in California and Texas in the United States had cultivated cotton crops that had no cottonseed glands as a whole. However, the cotton crops of this species had failed in commercial cultivation due to the lack of plants of gossypol. It becomes a delicious food for insects and germs. In addition, people developed the method of extracting edible oil from cottonseed after developing gossypol, but this method is not only expensive but also not completely safe. The new method developed by Lamoire, after removing gossypol, can not only convert cottonseeds into human food, but also can be used as livestock feed. This is of great economic importance for countries that grow large amounts of cotton.
The research team also plans to select the best varieties from the new cotton crops cultivated, first in the greenhouse, and then in large-scale field experiments. But Lambert estimates that it will take at least 12 years before new cotton varieties that can be widely used in commercial cultivation are developed. Relevant experts pointed out that Lambert's research not only can change the varieties of cotton crops, but also can be applied to other crops to cultivate new varieties with good commercial value, and the characteristics of new varieties can remain unchanged for several generations.
For thousands of years, cotton fibers provided by cotton crops have been an important raw material for human textiles. However, although the cottonseeds associated with the cotton fibers are rich in nutrients, they have never been reused by humans because of the toxic substance gossypol. In most cases, the flaxseeds that have been separated from the cotton fiber can only be used as feed for cattle (those with 4 stomachs can tolerate the toxicity of gossypol), or they can be used to extract oil after the gossypol is removed.
However, the above situation may soon be changed because scientists in Texas in the United States have recently found a way to eliminate the toxicity of cotton seed and make it a food for human consumption, which can solve the problem of famine in many parts of the world. .
A team composed of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, the Texas A&M University, and the Southern Plains Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, under the leadership of plant biologist Dr. Keldi Lair, used transgenic technology to achieve detoxification of cottonseed. Lamar said: “What's exciting is that our findings can reduce the content of the toxic substance, gossypol, in cottonseeds to a level that can be eaten safely.†He also pointed out that the seeds that they treat are in line with the World Health Organization and The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Standards are expected to become new high-protein foods that can meet the food needs of 500 million people each year.
Gossypol is present in the parts of the cotton crop that are exposed to the soil, including the seeds. Laval’s team used gene suppression technology to shut down the gossypol gene in cottonseeds without disrupting the gene's expression in other parts of the plant, allowing the plant to remain resistant to insects and diseases.
RNAi technology is often used by medical researchers to find cancer and AIDS therapies. The discoverers were Professor Andrew Farr of the American University of Stanford Medical School and Professor Craig Mello of the Massachusetts Medical School. 2006 Nobel Prize in Biomedicine. Lamar said: "What we have done is to selectively use RNAi technology to limit a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cottonseed."
Most people do not know that producing 1 pound (about 0.45 kg) of cotton fiber will produce 1.6 pounds of cottonseed. Each year, the global cotton crop produces about 44 million tons of cottonseed, while the protein content of cottonseeds is as high as 22%, and the protein quality is also high. In other words, the annual production of cottonseed in the world can provide 10 million tons of high-quality protein.
Many years ago, researchers in California and Texas in the United States had cultivated cotton crops that had no cottonseed glands as a whole. However, the cotton crops of this species had failed in commercial cultivation due to the lack of plants of gossypol. It becomes a delicious food for insects and germs. In addition, people developed the method of extracting edible oil from cottonseed after developing gossypol, but this method is not only expensive but also not completely safe. The new method developed by Lamoire, after removing gossypol, can not only convert cottonseeds into human food, but also can be used as livestock feed. This is of great economic importance for countries that grow large amounts of cotton.
The research team also plans to select the best varieties from the new cotton crops cultivated, first in the greenhouse, and then in large-scale field experiments. But Lambert estimates that it will take at least 12 years before new cotton varieties that can be widely used in commercial cultivation are developed. Relevant experts pointed out that Lambert's research not only can change the varieties of cotton crops, but also can be applied to other crops to cultivate new varieties with good commercial value, and the characteristics of new varieties can remain unchanged for several generations.
Freeze Dried process is a method to freeze the dry liquid materials into solid and use the sublimation properties of ice under low temperature and pressure to dehydrate the materials and achieve the purpose of drying. Freeze-drying technology first appeared in the space field, and it is known to all that the space food has a high quality requirement, which is designed to meet the needs of the astronauts in space for the nutrition of fruits and vegetables. Because freeze-drying technology not only let the color, aroma, taste, nutrition of the food itself, but also make food more convenient to carry and transport. With the development of economy, freeze-drying technology has been applied to daily food processing, so the lyophilization process is also called aerospace food technology.
Freeze dried food is to use rapid freezing, vacuum dehydration method of ice, preserved the original color, aroma, taste, nutrition, and the appearance of the original material, the water content of only about 5%, because of the particularity of its craft, by freezing to break the cell wall, so crispy, nutrition, easy absorption
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