Also known as sweet-scented osmanthus fish and seasonal flower fish, squid is a rare species of freshwater fish. It has many varieties, such as squid, big-eyed owl, spotted plover, and dark-colored oystercatcher. The most rapid growth of the mouth lice, followed by big eyes. Squid is a typical carnivorous fish, like to eat live food, often devour more than their own length of carp, grass carp, herring, bream, scorpion, scales and other live fry.
Due to the low natural resources of squid, artificial breeding is restricted by technology and the production is developing very slowly. The supply of the market is in short supply and the farming prospect is very considerable.
Reproduction
The salmon breeding season is generally from mid-May to early July. Females reach sexual maturity in two years, and males reach sexual maturity in one year. Mature broodstock can reproduce naturally in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It usually lays eggs on rainy days or in micro-flowing waters. Fertilized eggs hatch with water.
First, bred broodstock mature broodstock must be intensive cultivation, cultivation time is generally about six months, with emphasis on the fall and spring. There are two points to pay attention to in intensive cultivation: First, there must be sufficient bait fish; Second, to ensure good water quality, it is best to flush water regularly to create a micro-flowing environment to ensure the good development of broodstock. Special attention should be paid to the fact that before the broodstock breeding, it is necessary to determine the breeding objects. Generally, breamfish should be selected for breeding to increase the economic benefits of breeding.
Second, the broodstock fish selected in the natural waters or pond cultured carp, after artificially fortified after cultivation, disease-free and injury-free and robust individuals can be used as artificial breeding broodstock. The weight of the male fish is 1-2 kg and the female weight is 2-3 kg. The difference between the male and female squid is that the male jaw is long and has a lot of over the upper jaw. The body color is brighter, the markings are clear, and there is semen outflow in the abdomen; the female jaw is short and the maxillary length is almost the same. Females with well-developed gonads are characterized by a clear outline of the ovary, a soft abdomen, prominent swelling of the genital hole, and a yellow-green transparent egg. Judging whether the male fish is mature, mainly by light pressure on the abdomen, there is milk white semen out, into the water that is scattered, you can prove good gonadal maturation.
Third, the artificial incubation hatching method using looped water hatching. Since the squid fertilized eggs are non-adhesive and semi-floating eggs, and are larger than the eggs of domestic fish, the flow rate during hatching should be correspondingly larger to prevent the deposition of eggs. The time for hatching of fish eggs is closely related to water temperature. In the loop water incubating, the water temperature takes about 28 hours at 24-28°C, and about 24 hours at 30°C.
Nursery
I. Pond cultivation
The fry pool should be completely cleared. Use 150 kg of quick lime per mu to destroy the enemy's harmful organisms and pathogens. After the clear pond is put into a 1 meter deep new water, 200 fish fry are put on the water per square meter. Feeding palatable feed according to different stages of growth of the carp is the key to raising the survival rate of the fry. Freshly hatched eel fry for 3-5 days is suitable for cockroach and carp seedlings of the same age. 6-8 days of salmon seedlings can also eat 4-5 days of the four fry. 9-15 days old salmon fry can eat 1 cm long bait fish. According to production experience, a three-centimetre-long eel fry (scrub) was bred. In the first 10 days, 40 fish fry were fed on average each day. After 10 days, 15 fish fry were slightly smaller than their own specifications. If the number of bait fish is insufficient, it will cause the salmon fry to kill each other. Therefore, while nurturing salmon fry, we must also develop bait fry cultivation. In actual production, the amount and type of feeding can be flexibly controlled to meet the feeding standards of the eel fry.
Second, the fish pond microfluidic water breeding carp seedlings require higher dissolved oxygen. Therefore, where conditions permit, small micro-water cement tanks can be used for cultivation, and spawning tanks and loops in artificial breeding of fish can also be used. Generally, the area of ​​small ponds is about 20 square meters, and salmon fry can be placed per square meter. 1000 or so. To ensure that the water is fresh, there is micro-flowing water, so that the water is in a state of frequent exchange. The use of artificial breeding loops for the cultivation of carp seedlings, due to large exchange of water, dissolved oxygen, stocking density can be increased to 3-5 million per cubic meter of water. Because the water quality of the looped water is fresh and pollution-free, the operation and management are convenient, and the disease is also low, so the survival rate of raising the fry with this flowing water method is high.
Third, cage cultivation In a water body with good water quality, cages can be set up for grading, which can increase the survival rate of eel fry. Generally, for ease of operation, a three-level cage breeding method can be used: a large-scale net box with a size of 50 mesh, a size of 2 meters, a meter and a meter; a size of 0.2 cm for a secondary mesh box with a size of 5 meters and 1 meter. m; three-level net boxes are 0.5 cm in size and specifications are 10 meters, 1 meter and 1 meter. The cage cloths are made of nylon or vinylon mesh, and the frame of the cage is a floating frame device. The density of carp seedlings stocked in the first-class cages is 1-1.5 million per carton; for 15 days or so, the body length can reach 1.8 centimeters or so, and it can be transferred to secondary cages for cultivation. Each box can be stocked with 1,000-2,000 fishes. Feeding 7-10 days, body length up to 3 centimeters, and then transferred to the three cages, the density of each box is 500-1000. After 15 days of cultivation, you can become a 10 cm fingerling. The key to nurturing squid in cages is to maintain clean water quality and a sufficient amount of palatable feed fish.
Tang Yang
First, the fish pond
The squid is suitable for breeding in small ponds. The area of ​​the fish pond is generally 1-3 mu and the depth of the pond is about 1.5 meters. Before the carp seedlings enter the pond, they must thoroughly clear the pond. The commonly used drug is lime, which is applied in an amount of 50 kilograms per mu. The amount of bleaching powder used in the pool water is 20 mg/l. Generally disappeared after 10 days in the clear pond. Put some fish into the bucket after the pool is filled. If there is no abnormality for 24 hours, stocking can be carried out. The stocking is based on the quality of the breeding conditions and the level of the technical level. Generally, the rearing fish of 3.3 cm per mu is reared to a size of 1000-1500.
Second, the bait fish carp's natural feeding habit is to feed live fish, bait fish source generally have three ways: First, buy home fish water conservation, feeding at any time; second is to cultivate and collect wild fry, per acre rearing pond Should be matched with about 3 mu of bait fish breeding pond, can be placed in carp, squid or some wild fish breeding earlier, larger breeding, breeding large numbers of fry for squid feeding; Third, in order to save the fish pond, can be directly Putting some small-sized fish such as scallops and squid fishes in the squid pool will increase the frequency of reproduction and meet the needs of squid.
Third, feeding a weight of 0.5 grams (about 3 cm in length) of carp seedlings raised to 500 grams of commercial fish, need to consume about 5,000 bait fish (about 3 kg). According to the fish growth and weather conditions in time to put the bait fish, it is best to put it in 3-5 days, so that the bait fish in the pond to maintain a certain density. When the source of the feed is sufficient, fish should be fed as far as possible so that the fish can have enough food and feed fish can not be eaten. At the same time, they are caught and sold with the carp.
Fourth, management is mainly to observe the feeding conditions, growth status and water quality of carp. To maintain good water quality, to make the dissolved oxygen in the water more than 5 mg/l, change the water once every two weeks, and flush water promptly when the water quality becomes rich. When the summer weather is hot, use aerators to increase oxygen. In order to avoid excessive water quality, certain aquatic plants can be cultivated in the water to purify the water, which is conducive to the growth of carp.
In addition, we must also pay attention to anti-theft and anti-theft security. In and out of the outlet, we must use a sieve mesh to prevent the fish from fleeing with the water. In the adult stage and when it is about to be arrested, people should be sent on duty to prevent fish theft.
Net raise
First, stocking
Farming catfish cage area is generally about 20 square meters is good, too inconvenient to manage, too small and easy to deteriorate water quality. The mesh size is 2.5-3 cm. The cage should be set up in an environment with micro-flowing water. The quality of the reservoir is the best. The stock of eel stocked is generally about 10 cm, and the specifications for stocking should be neat and consistent, otherwise, a big eating phenomenon will occur. It is generally stocked in April. About 15 stocks will be stocked per square metre and will be caught in November to obtain squid weighing more than 0.5 kilograms per tail.
Second, feeding cages to raise the most important thing is to solve the problem of good bait fish. The types of bait fish can be fed to earthworms, cockroaches, tilapia, etc., and can also be mixed with a small amount of live cockroaches. The feeding of bait fish should adopt the method of eating less frequently and feeding it 3 times a day (that is, once each morning, evening, and evening).
Third, the density of management cages to raise cockroaches, we must strengthen management, wash tanks, ground disinfection, wash at least once a week. When washing boxes, first transfer the squid to a spare cage to completely remove debris and leftover bait from the cage. Moss on the cage should be removed to prevent jamming of the mesh. Disinfect the cage once a month with quicklime. The management should also pay attention to the presence of holes in the mesh at any time, and if necessary, it should be timely repaired. In order to prevent the water rat and other enemies from biting and breaking the mesh, a plastic screen can be placed outside the cage to block the enemy's passage.
Disease prevention
First, water mildew
In the breeding process of carp, if the fertilized eggs are mixed with dirt, the eggs will be damaged and the fungus will be infected. Infected with the mold of the fish eggs, the external appearance of the egg membrane is grossly fluffy, similar to the “fish†egg-water fungus, severe death. In the course of fry breeding, fingerlings and adult fish farming, the fish is injured due to improper handling and transportation, and this disease is easy to occur. The diseased fish body surface and scratches are observed with the naked eye, and there is white floc. Once suffering from the disease, sick fish swim slowly, loss of appetite, and finally thin and die.
Control methods: (1) The hatching water of squid was filtered with 60 mesh nylon gauze to prevent debris from entering. (2) Do not select injured fish as broodstock. (3) In the fry, fingerling and adult fish stage, 3% saline can be used for 5-10 minutes, or 1% saline and several drops of vinegar can be used to dip the diseased fish for 5 minutes. In addition, during the fishing and transportation process, the fish body is prevented from being scratched.
Second, ciliate disease This is one of the main diseases in the summer carp breeding process, mainly worms and other parasites parasitic on the surface of the carp, fins and head. The rapid spread of the disease, when the number of parasites is small, has little effect on fish activity; when the number of parasites is large, the fish refuses to eat. Visible to the naked eye is a white spot on the fish body, the mouth can not be closed, swimming loses its balance, and then dies. The disease is extremely hazardous.
Control methods: (1) The convective water pool should be splashed once a day with 3% saline solution, stopping for 3-5 minutes, which can play a preventive and therapeutic role. (2) When the summer flower pond was used, the diseased fish was soaked with 2% saline for 2 minutes.
Third, the anchor head lice and the Chinese worm head lice are mainly parasitized on the surface of the squid, making the fish thin and losing the ability to swim and prey. The Chinese sturgeon mainly parasitizes in the sacral area, destroys the sacral tissue, and affects the breathing ability. This type of fleas is mainly harmful to the species of salmon, and the harm is relatively large. If one larvae of 5 cm of young fish are parasitized on two anchor heads, it can cause juvenile fish death. Therefore, it should be prevented as soon as possible.
Control methods: (1) Lime water clear ponds are used in the ponds before the seedlings are planted to kill carcasses in the water, and attention must be paid to the cleanliness of water sources and feeds to reduce the source of infection. (2) The squid's bait fish can be soaked with 15 mg/l potassium permanganate for 2 hours to eliminate fish on the body.
4. The incidence of gill rot and enteritis is mostly in the high temperature season. Cocoon rotting has white spots, and dirt and mucus adhere.
Candidiasis can be dip for 10 minutes with a solution of 2 mg of mercury per liter of mercuric nitrate, which can gradually relieve the disease. The main symptoms of enteritis are rectal to anal segment congestion and redness, faeces are pale yellow, and the whole intestine is swollen when severe, showing a purple color, and the excrement is a concentrated liquid. The etiology is mainly caused by the ingestion of bait fish by the squid.
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