At present, air-conditioning storage at home and abroad is mainly used for apples. For those that are not suitable for ordinary refrigerating temperature and require higher temperature storage, such as Asarum and Hongyu, in order to avoid high temperature storage and promote fruit ripening and microbial activity, the application of controlled atmosphere storage is an effective remedy. Various forms of MAP storage in various parts of the country, such as Marshal, Golden Delicious, Guoguang, Qinguan, and many new varieties cultivated in recent years, have the effect of prolonging the storage period. The air-conditioned apple has good color, high hardness and long storage period. Atmosphere storage can reduce red jade spot disease, tiger skin disease, aging browning disease, etc. It can also reduce microorganism-induced rot disease and dehydration wilting. When the air-conditioned storage of apples is moved into the air, the respiration is still low, and the post-conditioning of the modified air storage can be maintained, and thus the deterioration is slow. Common air-conditioned storage methods include plastic film bags, plastic film accounts, and air-conditioned storage.
1. The plastic film bags store the apples after pre-cooling and grading in situ on the farm, and line the plastic film bags in the fruit boxes or baskets, load them into the apples, and tie the bags. Each bag forms a sealed storage unit. At present, polyethylene or non-toxic polyvinyl chloride films are used, and the thickness is mostly 0.04 to 0.06 mm.
After harvesting, the apple is at a higher temperature, and the ripening changes rapidly. The atmosphere storage environment caused by film bag packaging can effectively delay the ripening process. Shanghai Fruits Co., Ltd. used film packaging to transport apples and achieved good results. For instance, if the film is used to transport Red Star apples, the hardness of the apples will be 7.2kg when transported from Yantai, the origin, to Shanghai, and 5.6kg after being refrigerated for 6 months. The control will be 4.6kg and 3.1kg, respectively.
2. The plastic sheet is stored in a refrigerator, a clay cavern, and a ventilated warehouse. The plastic film is used to seal the preserved fruit and store it. Thin film accounts generally use high-pressure polyvinyl chloride films of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm thick, which are glued into a rectangular cover and can store hundreds to thousands of kilograms. After the account is sealed, according to Apple's requirements for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, using rapid oxygen reduction, natural oxygen reduction method to adjust. In recent years, silicone rubber film diffusion windows have been widely used at home and abroad, and are adhered to polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride plastic film accounts or bags in certain areas, and the gas in the apple gas conditioning (or bag) is spontaneously adjusted. Because of the different types of membranes and apple stocks, the specific area of ​​the silicone rubber membrane must be determined through tests and calculations.
3. The gas composition, storage temperature, and humidity in the air-conditioned storage can be automatically and precisely controlled according to the design level, which is an ideal storage method. The harvested apple is best stored within 24 hours of cooling and begins to store.
The temperature of apple air-conditioning storage can be increased by 0.5~1°C compared with normal refrigerating temperature. For CO2-sensitive varieties, the storage temperature can be higher, because in the general storage temperature (0 ~ 4 °C), increase the temperature can reduce CO2 damage. Varieties susceptible to low-temperature damage have a slightly higher storage temperature, which is beneficial for reducing damage.
Apple air-conditioning storage only reduce the O2 concentration can get better results. However, for most species, adding a certain concentration of CO2 at the same time, the storage effect is better. Different apple varieties have different degrees of endurance to CO2, and some are sensitive to CO2, and generally do not exceed 2% to 3%. Most varieties can Patience 5%, there are some varieties such as the Golden Crown in 8% to 10% no harm.
In recent years, it has been proposed that the apple at the beginning of atmospheric storage with a higher concentration of CO2 for short-term pretreatment, such as the gold crown with 15% to 18% after 10d pretreatment, and then transferred to general atmospheric storage conditions, can effectively maintain the fruit The hardness. Apples are treated with high-concentration CO2 at the beginning of storage, and research and application are also being carried out in China. At the same time, several measures of changing temperature and gas composition are combined. The two-way variable-air storage of apples was jointly studied by the Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Fruit Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. good effect. The specific approach is: Apple storage 150 ~ 180d, when stored at a temperature of 10 ~ 15 °C maintain 30d, and then within 30 ~ 60d reduced to 0 °C, has been maintained after (01) °C; gas components in the first 30d high temperature CO2 in 12% to 15%, with the temperature dropped within the next 60d correspondingly reduced to 6% to 8%, and has been maintained to the end, O2 control at 3% 1%. This treatment achieved good results, better than low temperature storage, and similar to the results of standard atmosphere modification (0°C, oxygen 3%, carbon dioxide 2% to 3%). This practice, referred to as double variable gas (TDCA). This method uses natural air temperature and high temperature at the initial stage of storage to overcome the harmful effects of CO2, retains the inhibition of ethylene production and action, significantly delays fruit maturation and aging, effectively maintains the fruit firmness, and thus achieves better results. Storage effect.
In the atmosphere-controlled storage of apples, there is accumulation of ethylene that can be absorbed and removed by activated carbon or bromine-saturated activated carbon. If a small plastic bag is used to store and store red star apples, put 0.05% activated carbon on the fruit weight to maintain a higher hardness of the fruit. Ethylene may also be removed with KMnO4, such as by spraying the KMnO4 solution with a scrubber or absorbing it with a porous carrier material that absorbs the saturated KMnO4 solution.
1. The plastic film bags store the apples after pre-cooling and grading in situ on the farm, and line the plastic film bags in the fruit boxes or baskets, load them into the apples, and tie the bags. Each bag forms a sealed storage unit. At present, polyethylene or non-toxic polyvinyl chloride films are used, and the thickness is mostly 0.04 to 0.06 mm.
After harvesting, the apple is at a higher temperature, and the ripening changes rapidly. The atmosphere storage environment caused by film bag packaging can effectively delay the ripening process. Shanghai Fruits Co., Ltd. used film packaging to transport apples and achieved good results. For instance, if the film is used to transport Red Star apples, the hardness of the apples will be 7.2kg when transported from Yantai, the origin, to Shanghai, and 5.6kg after being refrigerated for 6 months. The control will be 4.6kg and 3.1kg, respectively.
2. The plastic sheet is stored in a refrigerator, a clay cavern, and a ventilated warehouse. The plastic film is used to seal the preserved fruit and store it. Thin film accounts generally use high-pressure polyvinyl chloride films of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm thick, which are glued into a rectangular cover and can store hundreds to thousands of kilograms. After the account is sealed, according to Apple's requirements for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, using rapid oxygen reduction, natural oxygen reduction method to adjust. In recent years, silicone rubber film diffusion windows have been widely used at home and abroad, and are adhered to polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride plastic film accounts or bags in certain areas, and the gas in the apple gas conditioning (or bag) is spontaneously adjusted. Because of the different types of membranes and apple stocks, the specific area of ​​the silicone rubber membrane must be determined through tests and calculations.
3. The gas composition, storage temperature, and humidity in the air-conditioned storage can be automatically and precisely controlled according to the design level, which is an ideal storage method. The harvested apple is best stored within 24 hours of cooling and begins to store.
The temperature of apple air-conditioning storage can be increased by 0.5~1°C compared with normal refrigerating temperature. For CO2-sensitive varieties, the storage temperature can be higher, because in the general storage temperature (0 ~ 4 °C), increase the temperature can reduce CO2 damage. Varieties susceptible to low-temperature damage have a slightly higher storage temperature, which is beneficial for reducing damage.
Apple air-conditioning storage only reduce the O2 concentration can get better results. However, for most species, adding a certain concentration of CO2 at the same time, the storage effect is better. Different apple varieties have different degrees of endurance to CO2, and some are sensitive to CO2, and generally do not exceed 2% to 3%. Most varieties can Patience 5%, there are some varieties such as the Golden Crown in 8% to 10% no harm.
In recent years, it has been proposed that the apple at the beginning of atmospheric storage with a higher concentration of CO2 for short-term pretreatment, such as the gold crown with 15% to 18% after 10d pretreatment, and then transferred to general atmospheric storage conditions, can effectively maintain the fruit The hardness. Apples are treated with high-concentration CO2 at the beginning of storage, and research and application are also being carried out in China. At the same time, several measures of changing temperature and gas composition are combined. The two-way variable-air storage of apples was jointly studied by the Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Fruit Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. good effect. The specific approach is: Apple storage 150 ~ 180d, when stored at a temperature of 10 ~ 15 °C maintain 30d, and then within 30 ~ 60d reduced to 0 °C, has been maintained after (01) °C; gas components in the first 30d high temperature CO2 in 12% to 15%, with the temperature dropped within the next 60d correspondingly reduced to 6% to 8%, and has been maintained to the end, O2 control at 3% 1%. This treatment achieved good results, better than low temperature storage, and similar to the results of standard atmosphere modification (0°C, oxygen 3%, carbon dioxide 2% to 3%). This practice, referred to as double variable gas (TDCA). This method uses natural air temperature and high temperature at the initial stage of storage to overcome the harmful effects of CO2, retains the inhibition of ethylene production and action, significantly delays fruit maturation and aging, effectively maintains the fruit firmness, and thus achieves better results. Storage effect.
In the atmosphere-controlled storage of apples, there is accumulation of ethylene that can be absorbed and removed by activated carbon or bromine-saturated activated carbon. If a small plastic bag is used to store and store red star apples, put 0.05% activated carbon on the fruit weight to maintain a higher hardness of the fruit. Ethylene may also be removed with KMnO4, such as by spraying the KMnO4 solution with a scrubber or absorbing it with a porous carrier material that absorbs the saturated KMnO4 solution.
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