The timely adoption of mulching of winter vegetables can not only effectively increase ground temperature, reduce water evaporation, prevent soil compaction, increase fertilizer utilization, improve near-ground lighting conditions and inhibit weed growth, but also improve crop layout and adjust growth season to adapt to Market demand, increase economic efficiency, increase production. Its main technology is as follows:
I. Garden preparation
1. Fine soil preparation: After harvesting of late crops, deep plowing is conducted on the ground, and the depth of plowing is about 20 cm. After plowing in winter, it is ridged. It is necessary to finely prepare the soil so that the soil will be finely crushed and free from stones and rubble, and there will be no rice and rice husks. This will enable Pangasius to survive, maintain the soil pellet structure, prevent soil compaction, and give full play to the functions of water retention, fertilizer conservation, and heat preservation.
2, Shizuji Fei: Under the covering conditions, the decomposition of soil organic matter is fast, so you should apply enough base fertilizer so as not to reduce the soil fertility, or cause post-fertilization and affect the growth of vegetables. At the same time, it is more difficult to top-dress after filming, so base fertilizer should be added to reduce the number of top dressings. According to the actual fertility of the vegetable field soil, according to local conditions, generally medium-fertilizer field per acre with high-quality 4,000 kg of manure fertilizer as base fertilizer.
3, leveling for 畦 畦: 畦 width 90-140 cm, groove width 30 cm, 畦 20-25 cm high, require the surface smooth, no large clods, so that the film can close to the surface, to prevent air leakage, air leakage.
4. Weeding and Soil Disinfection: After the film is covered, weeding in the field is more difficult. Therefore, weed herbicides should be used in time after site preparation. Generally, 20% of the mu is used without traces of 200-250 ml, watered with 50-60 kg, and uniformly sprayed with a sprayer. To prevent steamed bread. The soil was disinfected with lime before transplanting.
Second, the choice of film
General selection of 0.01 mm thick transparent film, a good warming effect. Under the same covering condition, the soil temperature of the cover transparent film is about 3°C ​​higher than that of the black film. In addition, depending on the width of the crop, the mulching film should be selected in the appropriate range.
Third, cover film method
Plastic film mulching cultivation is mostly used for seedling transplanting, so it needs to be colonized after planting, and it is best to be carried out 7-10 days before planting. When laying a film, generally 3 people 1 group, 1 person laying film, 2 people in the sulcus in the film, the film should be paved, close to the soil surface, compacted with soil on both sides.
Fourth, field management
1. According to the density of colonization, the planting holes are made on the membrane, and the seedlings bred in the nutrition cup are transplanted onto the planting holes. When planting, pay attention to the top surface of the seedlings and the level of the soil surface. Use loose soil around the seedlings to level the soil. Don't press the soil by hand. Use the fine fluvo-aquic soil to seal the planting holes and cultivate a height around the seedlings. A small mound of earthworms is blown out to prevent the wind from blowing through the planting holes and reducing the evaporation of water.
2, under the cover film cultivation, the early spring has the effect of heat preservation and anti-drought. When the mid-plant growth or high temperature transpiration is large, the water should be promptly filled, mainly in the gutter and gutter irrigation, using the method of groundwater irrigation.
3, mulch film does not require cultivator, but should always check, remove the rhizosphere weeds, under the film if weeds breed, can use soil pressure grass to prevent grass.
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