With the rapid development of China's rural economy, the increase of farmers’ income, and the continuous improvement of the level of scientific and cultural education among farmers, rural areas in China have greatly changed the old ways of farming and harvesting. New types of agricultural machinery such as combine harvesters have entered the farm. "Science and technology are productivity." The combined use of the combine harvester has greatly accelerated the progress of wheat harvest and reduced the labor intensity of farmers. However, due to the cause of the combine harvester itself and other factors, if the fire safety work during the harvesting operation of the combine harvester is not taken seriously, and the fire danger of the combine harvester is not known, a new fire hazard will occur.
First, the fire danger and characteristics of combine harvester operations
1. Exhaust pipe fires. Combustion engine exhaust diesel engine exhaust pipe exhaust gas temperature is high, and often with carbon deposits Mars, not only the exhaust pipe itself can be directly flammable on the tube of combustibles, but also ejected sparks? The temperature of the pellets can reach 1000°C. It splashes on combustibles such as wheat straw and can also cause fire. The main reason why the exhaust pipe ejects Mars is that combustion is incomplete.
2. Poor electrical equipment. The electric system of the combine harvester locomotive is mainly composed of a generator, a battery, a starter motor regulator, an ignition coil, a high-voltage magnetic motor, a distributor, a spark plug, a lighting fixture, and a line, and some of them are only a few volt low voltage, but the current is large. While some parts of the gasoline engine have high voltage, there is a greater danger. Due to the high flammable dust during the harvesting operation, the vibration of the long-time operation will make the joint loose, the contact is bad, or the aging of the line will be damaged after the high temperature, especially the metal parts will fall on the battery electrode to generate sparks, which can easily ignite the fuel and oil. Or flammable materials around.
3. Vaporizer tempering. The carburetor is an important part of the combustible mixture formed on the gasoline starter of the combine harvester locomotive. The carburetor tempering is that the burning mixture blows back from the carburetor. The main reason for this is that the ignition timing is inaccurate, and too thick or too thin a mixture gas can cause the carburetor to temper. When the carburetor is tempered, the flame temperature is very high. In case of flammable substances such as wheat straw and fuel, it will cause combustion.
4. The operator smokes while harvesting. Due to the high temperature during wheat harvesting and the drying of wheat straw, there are more dust accumulations on the harvester and the operators work continuously during the field operation. It is easy to paralyze the day and night, and the fire left behind can easily cause fire.
5. Burning wheat bran "fire." Due to the high wheat stubble left by the combine harvester, wheat straw is not recycled, and it is inconvenient to stay in the fields and farmers will burn it. In order to catch crops, the plots are often harvested. Farmers set fire to them and could easily spread to plots harvested by combine harvesters, combine harvesters and other agricultural machines.
Second, fire prevention measures
In order to do a good job in the fire safety work of the combine harvester during the wheat harvest, we must first attach ideological importance to it. Before the wheat harvest, public security firefighting and agricultural machinery supervision departments should combine the training of drivers and operators of the combine harvester to enhance their awareness of preventing harvester fires, understand the fire risk of the harvester, and be able to skillfully use the fire-fighting equipment configured by the locomotive. Know how to save the fire at the beginning of harvester operations. Followed by strict technical control, and carefully implement the various operating procedures. The poor technical condition of the combine harvester is a major hidden danger of causing fires in locomotives and wheat fields. Therefore, the harvester must be carefully repaired and maintained before being put into harvest, and “Five nets†(oil, gas, water, machinery, tools) should be implemented according to relevant requirements. , "Four-leakage" (oil, water, gas, electricity), "six-closed" (diesel tank port, gasoline tank port, oil filling port, carburetor, magneto, oil inspection port) "a complete" (technical state ).
1. The engine and the fuel tank must be kept clean. When the grease is wiped, no gasoline can be used. It is strictly forbidden to check open or add fuel.
2. Electrical equipment should be inspected frequently to see if the connection points of the circuit conductors are loose or not, and whether the equipment is damaged or not; there must be no oil contamination near the conductors, and the accumulators should have good protection equipment to prevent short-circuit arcs from being “ironed†when the metal objects fall.
3. The ignition advance angle of the engine carburetor should always be checked to prevent backfire during field harvesting operations.
4. In order to prevent the exhaust pipe of the locomotive from being fired, the working conditions of the injector and the high-pressure oil pump, as well as the quality of the air cleaner, the exhaust pipe, and the fuel oil are often inspected, maintained and replaced, and a qualified safety fire hood is configured. Can not be overloaded during operation, should pay attention to control the throttle, can not suddenly change, and can not "boom" throttle.
5. After a certain working hours of the locomotive harvesting operation, it should be combined with oil and water to check the high-temperature parts of the engine to remove nearby combustible materials and oil.
6. When combine harvesters enter the field harvesting operations, they must be equipped with the necessary fire extinguishing equipment, such as fire extinguishers, sandbags (boxes), shovels, sickles, and sacks.
7. When the combine harvester is harvesting, the drum wraps around the grass and rubs against the fire. Therefore, the roller clearance must be adjusted to be consistent, the work should be checked carefully, and the parking should be stopped in time to clear the grass. In addition, always pay attention to the lubrication of the rotating parts to prevent friction and overheating and fire.
8. It is necessary to have good lighting equipment for night operation, and it is forbidden to use open flame lighting during maintenance and troubleshooting.
9. When the harvester is harvesting, the operator must strictly prohibit smoking.
10. Strict control of burning wheat bran, to educate farmers to respond to the call, the implementation of scientific farming, straw returned to the field as fertilizer. This will serve two purposes. It can both enhance the land and fire.
Three, fighting the rescue of the combine harvester starting fire
1. When the harvester is operating, if the engine part of the locomotive is hot due to high temperature, oil leakage, electric leakage or roasted wheat straw dust, the harvesting shall be stopped immediately, and the field plots shall be withdrawn from the harvested plots as soon as possible, and the stalled vehicles shall then be equipped with fire extinguishers and dry sand. , sacks or shovel shovel shovel fire. Unless it is a last resort, try not to extinguish the fire in place to prevent a large area of ​​fire. When the fire is extinguished, the oil circuit should be cut off in time to prevent the fuel from leaking and causing the fire to spread.
2. If the locomotive cuts the rice to cause fire due to the grass wrapped around the harvester, the locomotive shall withdraw from the operating plot as soon as possible. The cut-off site shall continue to work, and spit out the “grass†that will enter the fire and prevent the conveyor belt from being conveyed. The "inside" device burns out.
3. If the farmer finds out that it has “fired†or causes a field fire due to other reasons, the harvester shall immediately withdraw from the work field and quickly drive up to the windward direction or to a field with no flammable material to prevent damage.
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