Flowers are emerging as a promising industry, offering not only ecological benefits but also aesthetic value. Cultivating grass and flowers helps improve the environment and enhance people's emotional well-being. As living standards and cultural awareness continue to rise, potted plants have become increasingly popular among urban dwellers.
With a wide variety of flowers available, each has unique growth habits. However, due to human intervention—such as easy cultivation methods, degeneration breeding, and potting—the challenges of growing them have increased. Fertilization has become a crucial factor in successful flower cultivation.
There are two main forms of flower cultivation: open-field planting (gardens, flower beds) and potted plants. When it comes to fertilizers, both base fertilizers and topdressing are commonly used. Biogas fertilizer stands out for its effectiveness, comprehensive nutrients, long-lasting effects, and even disease and pest control, often surpassing specialized flower fertilizers.
**1. Open Field Cultivation**
- **Base Fertilizer**: Apply two weeks before planting. Mix 2 kg of biogas residue per square meter with the soil. For hole planting, use 1–2 kg per hole, cover with 10 cm of soil, then plant. It’s best not to add base fertilizer for the most delicate varieties; instead, loosen the soil and apply fertilizer after planting.
- **Topdressing**: Adjust according to the plant's needs. Different flowers absorb nutrients at different rates. For fast-growing varieties like seed flowers, herbaceous flowers, and leafy flowers, apply diluted biogas slurry (3 parts slurry to 7 parts water). For slow-growing or woody plants, mix 1 part slurry with 3 parts fresh water. Use small holes around the root zone, applying 0.5–5 kg per hole depending on the size of the plant.
**2. Potted Plants**
- **Soil Preparation**: Use mature composted soil for more than three months. Mix 1 kg of fresh biogas residue with 2 kg of mountain soil, or 1 kg of dry residue with 9 kg of mountain soil.
- **Repotting**: Change the soil every 1–3 years. Most plants can be repotted using the prepared mix, while rare species may require a small amount of silicon fertilizer to balance the biogas content. Avoid topdressing for 20–30 days after repotting until new leaves appear.
- **Topdressing for Potted Flowers**: Since potted plants have limited nutrients, regular supplementation is necessary. However, timing and dosage are key. For example, camellias should receive thin and infrequent applications—once a month from March to December, using 1 part slurry mixed with 1–2 parts water. Seasonal flowers like Chinese roses can be fertilized once in January with the same ratio, but stop during September and October.
**3. Important Notes**
- Ensure that biogas fertilizer is fully decomposed, especially the residue. Fresh residue should be stored in a barrel for 20–30 days before use.
- Before using biogas slurry as topdressing or foliar fertilizer, let it sit open for 2–3 hours to reduce ammonia content.
- Always measure the correct dosage when applying biogas fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization. After application, if leaves fall off due to high concentration, flush the soil or change it. If leaf edges turn brown, indicating fertilizer burn, remove the plant from the pot, prune damaged roots, and provide shade for recovery.
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