How to Apply Seed Coating and Its Purpose
Seed coating is an effective method to protect corn seeds from diseases and pests before they germinate. A common seed dressing formula includes 2.5% Shiloe Seed Coating Agent (10g), Tianda 2116 (for dipping and seed coating, 12.5g), and 50% phoxim (10ml) mixed with 100ml of water. This mixture is used for 5kg of corn seeds, and the seeds should be soaked after drying. The recommended seed rate is 2–2.5 kg per mu.
This seed dressing helps control several major corn diseases, including corn smut, seedling blight, sheath blight, aphids, and thrips. It also has a preventive effect on mosaic disease and dwarfism, making it a crucial step in early crop protection.
How to Identify and Control Corn Leaf Spot Diseases
Corn leaf spot diseases include both large and small leaf spot, which primarily affect the leaves and sometimes the leaf sheath and ear. These diseases are commonly referred to as "corn spot."
Large leaf spot typically starts with small lesions that grow into rhomboid-shaped spots up to 10–30 cm long. In severe cases, these spots can exceed 30 cm and merge together, forming irregular patches. Lesions initially appear water-soaked, then turn gray-blue, and eventually become brown with dead areas. When humidity is high, black mold may develop on the affected areas.
Small leaf spot, on the other hand, features smaller lesions, usually less than 1 cm in length, confined between two veins, and nearly elliptical with a darker border. These spots tend to appear in larger numbers. The pathogens overwinter on spores or mycelia in infected plant debris and infect the crop through spore germination in the following growing season.
Prevention and control measures include spraying 50% mancozeb at 0.5 kg per acre, or 50% thiophanate-methyl, or a mixture of 50% TBV-2000 at 3000 times dilution combined with Tianda 2116 at 600 times and Tianda Yufeng at 1500–2000 times. Spray 2–3 times, with intervals of 10–15 days. Alternatively, use 50% Tianda procymidone at 50–100g per spray, applied 1–2 times during the late leaf stage to silking period. Mixing with organic silicon improves coverage and reduces the need for reapplication after rain.
How to Prevent Corn Rust
Corn rust is rare but may occur in summer when there is heavy rainfall. Early infection can be controlled by spraying 20% triadimefon at 1000 times dilution. After 10 days, apply a second treatment with 10% triadimefon at 3000 times. Combining this with Tianda 2116 enhances effectiveness. Using organic silicon improves adhesion and reduces labor, especially after rain.
How to Prevent Corn Seedling Blight
Corn seedling blight is a newly emerging disease. Even with seed dressing, some varieties like Yandan No. 17 may still be affected. If symptoms appear, spray a mixture of 99% Tiandaxymycin at 6000 times and Tianda 2116 at 1000 times. Repeat the treatment after 10 days. This combination, when mixed with organic silicon, saves time and labor and ensures better results even after rainfall.
How to Prevent Rough Dwarf and Mosaic Diseases
These viral diseases are spread by aphids and migratory locusts. After seed dressing, spray 3% acetamiprid at 2000 times and Tianda Yufeng at 1500 times when the corn has four leaves. For existing infections, use Tianda Yufeng at 1000 times mixed with Tianda 2116 at 1000 times. Adding organic silicon improves performance and reduces the need for reapplication.
How to Apply Herbicides Before Planting Corn
Before planting, after sowing, mix 50% acetochlor at 150 ml with 50% paraquat at 100 g (or 40% Dangcao EC at 250 ml) in 50 kg of water. Ensure even and timely application to control weeds throughout the growing season. Combining with organic silicon improves efficiency and reduces the need for reapplication after rain.
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