In this farming system, the selection of crop varieties plays a crucial role in ensuring high yield and efficient land use. For corn, it's recommended to choose large-ear varieties such as Yuyu 22 and Suyujing No. 1, which are well-suited for sparse planting. These varieties not only produce larger ears but also allow better air circulation and sunlight penetration, reducing the risk of disease. For Chinese cabbage, early-maturing varieties with strong cold tolerance, disease resistance, and a short growth cycle are ideal, such as "Spring General" and "Spring and Summer King." These varieties can be harvested quickly, allowing for multiple cropping cycles in a single season.
Sowing typically begins in mid-March. Corn is sown and then covered with plastic film to retain moisture and warmth, promoting faster germination. The spacing between rows is set at 1.1 meters, with 0.22 meters between individual plants, resulting in a density of approximately 2,800 plants per acre. Meanwhile, cabbage seedlings are started in nutrient pots or bags, and after about 30 days, they are transplanted into the field. Once planted, the area is watered thoroughly before covering with plastic film to protect young plants from temperature fluctuations.
By April 20th, two rows of Chinese cabbage are planted between the corn rows, spaced 0.5 meters apart within the row and 0.4 meters between rows, leading to a planting density of around 3,050 plants per acre. This intercropping method maximizes land use while minimizing competition for resources between the two crops.
Soil preparation is essential for both crops. A sandy loam soil with good depth and high fertility is ideal, rich in organic matter. Before planting, 2,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied per mu, along with 50 kg of triple compound fertilizer. During the corn growth stages, 15 kg of urea per acre is applied during the jointing phase, and 25 kg of urea per acre is added during the big bell-mouth stage as a top dressing. In dry weather, irrigation should be done promptly after fertilization to ensure nutrient absorption. For cabbage, two fertilizer applications are made during the rosette and heading stages, each time using 15 kg of urea per mu, combined with increased watering to enhance nutrient uptake.
Pest and disease management is another key aspect. Common pests affecting spring cabbage include aphids and cabbage caterpillars, while diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot, and anthracnose can also occur. To control pests, insecticides like trichlorfon, termiticide, and chrysanthemum-based sprays are effective. For fungal diseases, fungicides like Ruidushuang and thiophanate-methyl can be used. Additionally, aphids and corn stubble can be managed with sprays containing cypermethrin or other similar compounds.
This integrated approach ensures that both corn and cabbage thrive together, offering farmers an efficient and profitable cropping system. By carefully managing planting times, spacing, fertilization, and pest control, growers can maximize yields while maintaining sustainable agricultural practices.
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