White clover (*Trifolium repens*) and red clover (*Trifolium pratense*) are two commonly cultivated grass species, widely used as high-quality forage for livestock and aquatic animals. While both are perennial plants that can thrive for 3 to 5 years, they differ in their characteristics and applications. White clover is known for its creeping growth habit, while red clover tends to grow more upright. Both are valuable forage crops, with their stems and leaves commonly used to feed grass-eating fish.
The feed conversion ratio for these grasses ranges from 25 to 30, making them efficient feed sources. Although their palatability is slightly lower than that of ryegrass and Sudan grass, it is still better than alfalfa. In addition to being used as animal feed, these grasses can also serve as green manure in fish ponds, improving soil fertility and water quality.
White clover, in particular, is often used to prevent fish diseases caused by viruses and bacteria due to its natural antibacterial properties. The adaptability of *Trifolium repens* and *Trifolium pratense* is quite broad, allowing them to be grown across various regions in China, from the northeastern provinces to some central and southwestern areas near the Yangtze River.
In terms of yield, the fresh green biomass production of these grasses can reach 60,000 to 90,000 kg per hectare. The sowing time, seeding rate, and planting methods are similar to those used for other forage crops. However, during the hot summer months, Trifolium grass grows slowly, and the leaves may even dry out. To maintain healthy growth, regular watering is essential, especially in hot conditions, where irrigation also helps to cool the plants and reduce stress.
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