Stingray, also known as Huang Lading, is a type of omnivorous benthic fish that typically lives near the bottom of water bodies. It prefers low-light environments and is active during periods of reduced visibility. This species is commonly raised in controlled aquaculture systems, where specific conditions are maintained to ensure optimal growth and health.
For fry cultivation, a pond with an area of 10-20 square meters and a depth of 0.7 meters is ideal. The pond should be rectangular with a flat, tiled, or cemented bottom to facilitate cleaning and maintenance. Newly hatched larvae can be stocked at a density of 5,000–8,000 per cubic meter, while 1–3 cm fry require a density of 3,000–4,000 per cubic meter. For 3–5 cm fry, the stocking density should be around 2,000–3,000 per cubic meter.
Feeding should follow the "four definite" principle—definite quantity, definite time, definite quality, and definite location. Depending on the size of the fish, natural feed such as plankton or small aquatic organisms can be combined with micro-particle or artificial compound feeds to ensure balanced nutrition.
In intensive cement pools, higher stocking densities may lead to more waste accumulation. Therefore, it's important to regularly remove sludge from the bottom using a siphon. Daily monitoring for signs of disease is crucial, and any infected fish should be treated immediately to prevent the spread of illness.
When raising stingrays in larger ponds, the area should be around 3 acres with a depth of 1.5–2.0 meters. The pond bottom should consist of sandy soil that retains water and provides nutrients. Water inlets and outlets must be properly managed to prevent fish from escaping through nets.
The pond bottom should be leveled, and a drainage culvert about 20–25 cm deeper than the surrounding area should be dug near the drain end to make adult fishing easier. Before stocking, the pond should be disinfected with lime to eliminate pathogens.
Stocking density varies depending on the size of the fry. Fry measuring 3 cm should be stocked at 5,000–6,000 per mu, while 4–5 cm fry should be stocked at 4,500–5,500 per mu. Adult stingrays are fed with a combination of natural and artificial feeds. Natural feeds include small fish, shrimp, and aquatic insects, while artificial feeds should contain 38–40% crude protein.
Feeding should follow the "four set" and "four look" principles—setting feeding times, amounts, locations, and methods, while observing the fish’s behavior, appetite, water quality, and health. The daily feeding amount depends on the total weight of the fish and the water temperature. At 10–15°C, feed should be 1.5–1.8% of body weight; at 15–20°C, 2–2.5%; and at 20–36°C, 4–5%.
Pond management should include regular feeding, water quality control, and disease prevention. Routine inspections, weeding, and removal of dead fish are essential. Records should be kept to track progress and identify issues early.
Stingrays can also be raised in net cages, either in large open waters or smaller ponds. Small cages are often used in pond systems. These cages should be placed in clean, well-oxygenated water with an area of 5–10 acres and a depth of 2–2.4 meters. Before setting up cages, the pond should be cleared using lime or bleach to eliminate harmful organisms.
Cages are usually made of polyethylene mesh with a 1–1.5 cm mesh size. Each cage is typically 4x2x2 meters and secured with bamboo frames. The cage area should not exceed 50% of the total pond area to allow for proper water circulation.
Fry are generally stocked between June and July, with a minimum size of 5 cm. Stocking density should be around 500–600 fry per square meter. Fish should be thoroughly disinfected before stocking to prevent disease transmission.
Feeding should strictly follow the "four-determined" method, avoiding spoiled feed. Natural feed can be processed into pellets, while compound feed should be given in small portions 2–3 times a day, at 4–5% of the fish’s body weight.
Regular water changes are necessary, and lime should be applied periodically to maintain good water quality. Cages should be checked twice daily for damage, and a disinfectant solution (0.04% iodine salt and 0.04% sodium bicarbonate) should be used to keep the environment clean. Bait should be removed promptly, and nets should be cleaned regularly to ensure good water exchange.
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