The breeding of Tibetan Mastiff puppies is a delicate and important process that requires careful attention and proper care from the first day onward. Here's a detailed guide to the early stages of cub rearing, along with essential management practices for a healthy dog farm.
**First Day of Cub Breeding:**
1. After the puppies are born, the mother dog (bitch) typically chews through the umbilical cord and cleans the newborns by licking them. It’s important to gently wipe the puppies with a clean cloth or gauze to remove any remaining amniotic fluid and dry them. The umbilical cord should be left about one centimeter long before being cut and treated with iodine to prevent infection.
2. If a puppy is not breathing properly, gently hold it by the hind legs and swing it downward to help clear its airway. You can also stimulate breathing by gently rubbing its nose or mouth with your fingers. If necessary, perform artificial respiration by blowing into the puppy’s nostrils while massaging its chest and tapping its back.
3. Administer 0.5 cc of 0.5% glucose or vitamin ADEC drops into the puppy’s mouth to boost its energy and vitality.
4. Place the puppies near the mother’s teats. If they don’t start nursing immediately, gently open their mouths and guide them to the teat.
5. Kuchu, or the initial milk produced by the mother in the first 17 days, is crucial for building the puppies’ immunity. This colostrum helps protect against diseases like canine distemper, offering more than 75% protection.
**Subsequent Days:**
- **Day 3:** The umbilical cord usually falls off naturally.
- **Day 7:** Remove the wolf toes (extra toes) to prevent future health issues.
- **Day 14:** Puppies begin to open their eyes.
- **Day 18:** They start learning to stand and walk.
- **Day 21:** Deworming begins, continuing for three consecutive days.
- **Day 25:** Puppies gain full vision and hearing. Begin supplementing with milk powder, high-protein food, vitamins, and calcium.
- **Day 30:** Prepare for weaning by gradually introducing solid food.
- **Day 35:** Start teething and learn to defecate on their own. In males, testicles descend into the scrotum.
- **Day 42:** Administer the DA21 vaccine.
- **Day 50:** Second round of deworming.
- **Day 63:** CPV (Canine Parvovirus) vaccine is given.
- **Day 70:** Boost with FV (Feline Viral) vaccine.
- **Day 90:** Additional doses of DA2LT and PV vaccines to ensure full immunity.
**Important Notes for Puppy Care:**
- Feed puppies with skimmed milk powder to avoid digestive issues.
- Avoid feeding rice or other hard-to-digest foods.
- Do not feed high-fiber or high-fat foods to young pups.
- Keep the environment warm, especially at night or during winter, maintaining a room temperature of around 25°C.
- The mother dog must be dewormed before breeding.
- Disinfect the mother’s nipples with iodine before she starts nursing.
- During lactation, provide the mother with extra calcium, protein, and vitamins to support milk production.
- Prevent the mother from interacting with outsiders during labor.
- Ensure the mother is fed every six hours during the nursing period.
- Normal birth should take between 20–40 minutes. If it lasts over an hour, consult a vet. If two hours pass without progress, an emergency C-section may be required.
**Healthy Dog Farm Management:**
**(a) Environmental Control:**
- Choose a location away from other farms, at least 50 feet apart, and avoid busy roads.
- Install strong fencing, preferably double walls, to isolate the dogs from other animals and people.
**(b) Personnel Control:**
- Limit access to the farm—only essential staff should enter.
- Employees should not work with livestock or other animals to reduce disease transmission.
**(c) Vehicle Control:**
- Prohibit outside vehicles from entering the premises.
- Clean and disinfect all vehicles and dogs that come in after use.
**(d) Feeding and Management Practices:**
- All visitors and staff must shower, change into clean clothes, and sanitize their hands and feet before entering.
- All feeding tools and equipment must be disinfected before use.
- Regularly clean and disinfect kennels and outdoor areas at least once a week.
- Follow a strict schedule for vaccinations and deworming to maintain a healthy herd.
By following these guidelines, breeders can ensure the well-being of both the mother and her puppies, as well as maintain a safe and hygienic environment for the entire dog farm.
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