The selection of high-quality parent quails and proper stocking density are crucial for improving the hatching rate of quail eggs. Adult quails that are over 5 months old, with a body weight of around 1.0 to 1.5 kilograms, are typically chosen as breeding stock. These quails should be strong, healthy, with smooth, shiny backs and quick reflexes. It's also important to check for internal injuries. To do this, gently turn the quail's belly upward. A healthy quail will quickly flip back and escape. If it can't turn over, it may have internal damage. Another way to check is by holding the hind legs with two fingers—if they don’t indent, there might be internal injuries.
In general, quails are stocked at a density of 1 to 2 square meters per bird, with a total weight of about 250 kilograms per mu (approximately 667 square meters). The ideal male-to-female ratio is usually 4:1 or 3:1. After stocking, it’s essential to provide proper care, including feeding high-protein animal feed to promote gonad development and overall health.
Egg collection must be done carefully, as it directly affects the hatching success. Two key points should be followed: first, accurately locate the nesting areas. During the breeding season from May to August, inspect the ground early in the morning before sunrise. Look for footprints and wet spots, which indicate where quails lay their eggs. Avoid removing the eggs immediately, as the embryos are not yet fixed. Removing them too soon can harm the developing embryo. Wait 8 to 30 hours until the embryos are fully developed, and the egg white becomes clear with visible yolk and a distinct pole. At this point, the eggs can be safely collected.
Second, only collect fertilized eggs. Use wooden boxes measuring 45 cm by 45 cm with an 8 cm depth. Drill small holes on the sides and bottom for ventilation, and fill the box with 2 cm of fine sand. If no such box is available, a plastic container or bucket can be used instead. When collecting, use a bamboo stick to gently dig out the eggs. Check each egg for signs of fertilization: a clear, round white spot on the top of the shell indicates a viable egg. If there's no white spot, or if the spot is large and irregular, the egg is either unfertilized or has poor development and should not be incubated.
When packing the eggs, place them with the pointed end up and arrange them neatly in the collection box—avoid stacking or squeezing them. After collection, refill the original nest holes and compact them. In dry conditions, spray a little water to encourage more spawning.
Finally, controlling the hatching environment is critical. There are various artificial hatching methods, but temperature, humidity, and ventilation must all be carefully managed. The optimal incubation temperature is between 28°C and 35°C, ideally around 30°C. Too high or too low temperatures can reduce the hatching rate. Humidity should be maintained between 80% and 85%. High humidity can lead to suffocation, while low humidity causes dehydration. A simple and effective way to check humidity is by squeezing the sand in your hand—if it forms a tight clump but doesn’t stick together, the humidity is just right. Proper ventilation ensures enough oxygen for the developing embryo.
Temperature, humidity, and ventilation are the three most important factors in successful quail egg hatching. They are interdependent and need to be balanced to achieve the best results. By maintaining these conditions, you can significantly improve the hatching rate and ensure healthier chicks.
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