Garlic Fertilization and Site Preparation

Garlic is a highly adaptable crop that can thrive in most soil types, except for salty, alkaline, or sandy soils. However, due to its shallow and limited root system, which has poor nutrient absorption capabilities, it performs best in loose, well-drained, and organic-rich sandy loam. Garlic is sensitive to alkaline conditions and does not do well in clay soils. Cultivating garlic in such environments can lead to problems like rotting of the bulb base, weak seedlings, and lodging at the base of the stem. To support healthy growth, the soil should be prepared thoroughly—loose, deeply tilled, and smooth. Whether sowing in autumn or spring, it's essential to incorporate sufficient organic matter before planting. For spring-sown garlic, it's recommended to mix 2000–2500 kg of high-quality compost per hectare into the soil as a base fertilizer before winter. After deep plowing, the ridges should be about 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide. The ridges should be evenly watered to create deep furrows, ensuring proper drainage. It's also important to water the field sufficiently before the ground freezes to prepare for early spring planting. After harvesting in autumn, the garlic fields should be plowed and turned over promptly. Applying 2500–3000 kg of organic manure, along with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, helps promote strong root development and healthy seedling growth. A lack of these nutrients can result in weak roots and stunted seedlings. **Sowing Garlic** **(1) Sowing Time** The timing of garlic planting is strictly dependent on the season. In southern regions, the ideal sowing time occurs when the average daily temperature is around 20–22°C. It’s best to allow the plants to develop 4–5 true leaves before winter sets in. In northern areas, spring planting depends on the thawing of the soil, typically when the average temperature reaches 3–6°C. **(2) Planting Density** Garlic has upright leaves, which allows for better sunlight penetration to the lower leaf layers. This makes dense planting a viable option for maximizing yield. For bulb garlic, the spacing is usually 16–20 cm between rows and 24–27 cm between plants. For green garlic, closer spacing is preferred—around 10–13 cm between rows and 8–10 cm between plants. The seeding rate per mu (approx. 667 m²) ranges from 120–150 kg. Larger cloves require higher rates, up to 150–180 kg per mu, while smaller cloves may only need 50–80 kg. For green garlic, the density is even higher, with spacing of 13 cm between rows and 4–5 cm between plants, requiring 250–300 kg per mu. **(3) Sowing Depth** When planting garlic cloves, the tip should be slightly exposed, not too deep or too shallow. Cover the cloves with about 3 cm of soil and keep the area moist to encourage germination. Garlic is best planted shallowly. If planted too deep, it can delay sprouting, weaken the seedlings, and cause late bolting. There are two main sowing methods: wet sowing, commonly used in spring, and dry sowing, which works well in both spring and autumn. Mechanical seeding using seed strips can also be employed to improve efficiency. After sowing, it’s beneficial to cover the soil surface with a layer of rice straw, wheat straw, or other organic mulch. This helps retain moisture and suppress weed growth. Once the seedlings emerge, the mulch doesn’t need to be removed—it will decompose and act as natural fertilizer.

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