Tibetan Mastiff breeding, specifically the process of raising puppies on their first day:
1. After the puppies are born, the mother dog typically bites the umbilical cord and licks them clean to stimulate breathing and warmth. The breeder should gently wipe the puppies with a soft cloth to dry them. The remaining umbilical cord should be left about one centimeter long and then cut carefully, followed by disinfection using iodine.
2. If a puppy is not breathing properly or shows signs of distress, gently hold it by the hind legs and shake it slightly to clear its airway. If necessary, use your mouth to gently blow into the nose to help it breathe. You can also perform chest compressions and light tapping on the back to encourage respiration.
3. Administer 0.5cc of 0.5% glucose solution or vitamin ADEC drops into the puppy’s mouth to boost energy and vitality.
4. Place the puppies near the mother’s teats. If they don’t start nursing immediately, gently open their mouths and guide the teat into their mouths to encourage sucking.
5. Kuchu (the first milk produced in the first 17 days) is crucial for the puppies’ immunity. It helps them build strong resistance against diseases like canine distemper, with an estimated immunity rate over 75%.
Day 3: The umbilical cord naturally falls off.
Day 7: Remove the dewclaws to prevent future injuries.
Day 14: Puppies begin to open their eyes. A small injection may be given at this stage.
Day 18: Puppies start learning to stand and walk.
Day 21: Deworming begins, continuing for three consecutive days.
Day 25: Puppies gain full vision and hearing. Begin supplementing with milk powder, high-protein food, vitamins, and calcium.
Day 30: Prepare for weaning by gradually introducing solid food.
Day 35: Start teething and learn to defecate on their own. In males, testicles descend into the scrotum.
Day 42: Administer the DA21 vaccine.
Day 50: Another round of deworming.
Day 63: Give the CPV vaccine to protect against parvovirus.
Day 70: Administer the FV (feline leukemia) vaccine for additional protection.
Day 90: Boost DA2LT and PV vaccines for long-term immunity.
Between August and October, female dogs will experience their first heat cycle. At one year old, they should receive full vaccinations including DA2L and PV. Dogs should also get the rabies vaccine after four months of age.
**Puppy Feeding Tips:**
- Use skimmed milk powder instead of whole milk to avoid digestive issues.
- Avoid feeding rice or other hard-to-digest foods that may cause gastrointestinal problems.
- Do not feed puppies foods high in fiber or fat, as they can be difficult to digest.
- Keep the environment warm at night or during winter, ideally around 25°C.
- The mother dog must be dewormed before giving birth.
- Clean the mother’s nipples with iodine before she starts nursing to prevent infection.
- During lactation, add calcium powder, high-protein food, and vitamin supplements to the mother’s diet to support milk production.
- Keep the mother isolated from outside contact during labor.
- Feed the mother every six hours to ensure proper nutrition.
- Normal birthing should take between 20 to 40 minutes. If it lasts longer than 60 minutes, a vet may need to administer a drug. If no progress is made after two hours, a cesarean section may be required.
- Signs of impending labor include loss of appetite, restlessness, and pawing at the ground.
**Healthy Dog Farm Management:**
**(a) Environmental Control:**
1. Location: New dog farms should be located at least 50 feet away from other facilities to reduce disease transmission. Avoid areas with heavy traffic.
2. Fencing: Install a secure wall around the farm to prevent contact with other animals and humans. A double fence is recommended for added security.
**(b) Personnel Control:**
1. Limit visitors to reduce the risk of disease spread.
2. Employees should not work with livestock or other animals to maintain hygiene standards.
**(c) Vehicle Control:**
1. Prevent outside vehicles from entering the premises unless absolutely necessary.
2. All incoming and outgoing vehicles must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use.
**(d) Operational Regulations:**
1. All personnel entering the farm must shower, change into farm-specific clothing, and wear rubber boots. Hands and feet should be sanitized before entering the area.
2. Feeding equipment must be disinfected before being brought into the farm.
3. Regular cleaning and disinfecting of kennels and outdoor areas are essential (at least once a week).
4. Ensure all vaccinations and deworming schedules are strictly followed to maintain the health of the dogs.
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