Hezhuang is a remarkable example of goldfish breeding, known for its elegant appearance and vibrant energy. It exudes a fresh and lively atmosphere, with its body covered in shimmering silver-white scales that catch the light beautifully. A striking red "sac" sits atop its head, creating a vivid contrast between red and white. Its graceful movements resemble the elegant flight of cranes, making it a visually captivating fish.
**1. Artificial Breeding**
**1.1 Broodstock Breeding**
Breeding begins in March each year. Female broodstock should be 2-3 years old, while males should be 1-2 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.2 for optimal results. Only those with a bright, well-formed red sac on the top of their heads are selected, as irregularities like yellow or white spots are typically avoided. The stocking density is lower than for commercial fish, and feeding increases gradually as temperatures rise. Gonads usually mature within about one month.
**1.2 Selection of Broodstock**
By early April, breeders can assess the gonads. Females should have a soft, elastic belly and an oval-shaped body, while males should display full, rounded fins and active behavior. These characteristics help identify suitable parents for breeding.
**1.3 Artificial Spawning**
In mid-April, when the water temperature reaches 25°C, artificial oxytocin is used. A disposable pectoral fin injection method is applied. For every 100g of female, 1–2 µg of LHRH-A2 is administered, and males receive half that dose. Injections are done around midnight, and the spawning process lasts 18–20 hours.
**1.4 Artificial Insemination and Incubation**
During the night, when males are actively chasing females, both are quickly transferred into a container filled with water. When females show signs of releasing eggs—such as milky mucus or yellow eggs—they are gently squeezed to extract the eggs into a sterile basin containing warm saline. Males are then similarly handled, and their sperm is added. After mixing, the fertilized eggs are placed into a hatchery.
The incubation environment must be clean, with good oxygen levels, a pH of 7.5–8.0, and a water temperature of 25°C. Eggs typically hatch within 3–4 days. To prevent fungal infections, a 10ppm malachite green solution is added daily, and the water is kept fresh.
**2. Seed Rearing**
Newly hatched larvae feed on their yolk sac for the first few days. On day four, crushed cooked eggs are mixed with water using 25# plankton nets to create a uniform suspension. Feeding occurs once daily, and the amount is adjusted so that food is consumed within 1–1.5 hours. By day eight, the larvae grow to over 1cm, swim more actively, and begin eating small plankton. At 3cm, they are moved to new tanks, and weekly water changes are performed, with some larval feed introduced.
**3. Discussion**
**Advantages of Artificial Insemination**
Artificial insemination significantly reduces the physical strain on broodstock during the natural mating process, which can last 8–10 hours. This leads to fewer deaths and higher survival rates. Studies show that post-spawn survival rates increase from 50%–75% in natural mating to over 95% with artificial methods. Fertilization rates also improve, rising from less than 40% naturally to up to 80% with artificial techniques. Additionally, this method helps maintain genetic purity.
**Precautions**
Fish nests should be suspended in the middle and upper layers of the water, with weights attached to keep them stable. If nests float to the surface, the eggs may be exposed to sunlight and risk suffocation if they sink. During incubation, especially in the first three days, the eggs should not be disturbed, as this can lower hatching rates and lead to deformities.
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