First, the planting site should be carefully selected. It should have deep, loose, fertile, and well-drained sandy loam soil that is ideal for colonization. The planting holes should be dug with a spacing of 3 meters by 2 meters. Each hole should be 50 to 70 cm deep and 40 cm in diameter. Before planting, mix 20 kg of organic fertilizer, 1 kg of superphosphate, and 1 kg of cake fertilizer into the subsoil to enrich the nutrient content.
Second, transplanting should be done in autumn after leaf fall, during winter, or in early spring before bud break. Seedlings should be at least 60 cm tall before they are transplanted. When transplanting, place one seedling per hole and water thoroughly after planting to ensure good root establishment.
Third, field management is crucial for healthy growth.
1. Weeding is essential after planting. The soil should not be tilled too deeply, and weeds should be removed regularly. If intercropping with other crops is practiced, weeding can be done simultaneously with crop maintenance. Once intercropping stops, cultivate the area once a year during summer. Before winter, mound soil around the base of young trees to protect their roots from cold damage.
2. Top dressing should be done in combination with cultivation and weeding. Every spring, apply 1500 kg of organic manure and 50 kg of cake fertilizer to provide necessary nutrients.
3. Irrigation and drainage are important. After planting, keep the soil around the planting hole consistently moist to help the seedlings establish. Water promptly during dry periods and drain excess water immediately during the rainy season to avoid waterlogging.
4. Pruning should be carried out annually in winter. Remove lower branches to encourage trunk growth and increase the production of high-quality bark. Cut away drooping, crossing, and inward-growing branches to maintain an open and well-structured canopy.
(Cao Haijun)
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