At present, "overwintering fertilizer" has become a relatively common agronomic measure in many areas of northeast China. Farmers use deep plowing and deep plowing in the fall to fertilize the fertilizer in advance. This will save the fertilization operation in the spring of the following year, and also achieve the purpose of increasing the fertilizer utilization rate and crop yield through deep application. In the northern part of Shanxi, especially the one-crop crop growing area, the “overwintering fertilizer†measures should also have greater promotion potential.
In general, when compound fertilizers are applied to the soil and the earth is frozen and the ground temperature is low, it will not greatly affect the utilization rate of fertilizers in the next season. However, in areas with winter irrigation and spring irrigation in northern China, the application of ordinary compound fertilizers will cause dissolution and loss of water in the presence of irrigation water, resulting in a certain loss of fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the problem of loss of fertility of “overwintering fertilization†mainly considers the impact of winter irrigation water in the area. In the case of “overwintering fertilizationâ€, the main component is ordinary compound fertilizer, the irrigation water must be suitable, and the irrigation water must not be flooded. It is best to control the wetting depth of the irrigation water within half a meter of soil by spraying drip irrigation and other methods to prevent Too much irrigation water brings the effective nutrient of the fertilizer out of the root growth range of the crop, resulting in the loss of fertilizer nutrients.
In the current new fertilizer industry in China, the development of slow and controlled release fertilizers is very rapid. Technically, slow-release fertilizers are more suitable for "overwintering fertilizers." Because the surface of the slow and controlled release fertilizer particles is coated with a layer of sulfur or a polymer coating, the particles can exist in the soil for a long time without causing loss of fertilizer nutrients. Even under the conditions of the irrigation water, it will not cause a lot of Fertilizer nutrient loss, this feature is more suitable for "overwintering fertilizer."
At present, China is carrying out soil testing and formula fertilization, and the “overwintering fertilizer†technology must be combined with it. Based on a reasonable fertilizer nutrient allocation ratio, it can be combined with slow-controlled release fertilizer technology and mechanized deep fertilization technology to ensure crop protection. Yield and quality, increase fertilizer utilization, and achieve the goal of modern agriculture development such as protecting the environment, saving labor, and improving efficiency.
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