Reporter: In recent years, fertilization from the south to the north has been widely used. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this fertilization method? Need to grasp what technical essentials?
Expert: Red fertilization is also called water fertilization. It is a way of top dressing. Actually, the quick-release fertilizer is dissolved in water and fertilized with water. Fertilizer fertilization usually uses water-soluble fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, both of which have strong water solubility. Through the combination of fertilizer and water, soluble nitrogen and potassium nutrients are infiltrated into the soil and absorbed by the crop roots. Fertilization refers to irrigation and fertigation, and irrigation can be divided into well irrigation and irrigation, as well as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. In some places, the management is extensive and even fertilizes chemical fertilizers. This fertigation mode of flood irrigation highlights an “impact†word, which is very likely to cause a large loss of nitrogen, but also makes the water use rate low.
Fertilization is mainly used for top dressing in the vigorous season of vegetable growth, and is widely used in greenhouses and open-air vegetables. Since the fertilization effect of flushing and fertilizing comes faster, the effect is generally seen after 2 to 5 days of flushing, which is reflected in the obvious changes in leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the enthusiasm of some growers. Therefore, flushing and fertilizing has developed rapidly in recent years. It is widely used, except for vegetables and other economic crops. This has also stimulated the listing of a large number of "new" fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate in small packages. These small packaging fertilizers are more expensive.
Reporter: From the perspective of the economic benefits and the comprehensive benefits of the environment and ecology, how do you use the fertilizer?
Experts: The purpose of fertilization is not only to produce high crops, but also to pay attention to comprehensive benefits. To grasp the technical essentials for flushing and fertilization, we must pay attention to the following four points:
First of all, choose the fertilizer type correctly. Only water-soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogenous fertilizers; potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are also used in potassium fertilizers, and potassium nitrate can also be used; in phosphate fertilizers, even if they are water-soluble monoammonium and diammonium, they should not be used for flushing. It is the poor mobility of the phosphate fertilizer after it is dissolved and it is easily fixed and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water.
The single nutrient must be standardized. In the cultivation of high-yielding vegetables, the amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 2 to 4 kg/mu each time, especially the nitrate nitrogen should be controlled at 2 to 3 kg/mu, and the limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) is generally 2 to 4 kg/mu. Otherwise, the waste and loss of nutrients will be large, which will reduce the utilization rate and cause water pollution. Fertilization in the whole growing period is generally twice as appropriate.
The period of fertilization is during the period of large crop growth. For example, fruit and vegetables in the full fruit period, after the picking of fruits and melon; Another example is the Chinese cabbage cabbage, in the autumn vegetable cultivation, the choice of temperature, soil mineralization decreased, and vegetable crops is a large number of growth period is appropriate.
Irrigation control. In the case of flood irrigation, flood irrigation is prevented, and when the canal is irrigated, the depth of the ditch and the amount of water must be appropriate to prevent the nutrients dissolved in the water from being lost.
Reporter: Please make a comment on the way of reverse fertilization.
Experts: Fertilizer application efficiency is faster, but if you want to pursue the appearance of the effect, regardless of cost, one-sided use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, misuse of fertilization, will lead to vegetables grow, quality decline, reduced fertilizer utilization, intensified soil salinization.
In the application of fertilization, there are all kinds of misleading. For example, some people break up granular high-concentration compound fertilizers before they are used for flushing; others use uncooked and insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers. It is not appropriate.
Experts suggest that the mode of fertigation should be applied in a timely and appropriate manner. It is mainly used for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, and mainly applies nitrogen and potassium.
There are several types of fertilizers that do not need to be flushed, phosphorus is not flushed, granular compound fertilizers are not used, solid organic fertilizers are not washed, and microbial agents or fertilizers are not used.
Expert: Red fertilization is also called water fertilization. It is a way of top dressing. Actually, the quick-release fertilizer is dissolved in water and fertilized with water. Fertilizer fertilization usually uses water-soluble fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, both of which have strong water solubility. Through the combination of fertilizer and water, soluble nitrogen and potassium nutrients are infiltrated into the soil and absorbed by the crop roots. Fertilization refers to irrigation and fertigation, and irrigation can be divided into well irrigation and irrigation, as well as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. In some places, the management is extensive and even fertilizes chemical fertilizers. This fertigation mode of flood irrigation highlights an “impact†word, which is very likely to cause a large loss of nitrogen, but also makes the water use rate low.
Fertilization is mainly used for top dressing in the vigorous season of vegetable growth, and is widely used in greenhouses and open-air vegetables. Since the fertilization effect of flushing and fertilizing comes faster, the effect is generally seen after 2 to 5 days of flushing, which is reflected in the obvious changes in leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the enthusiasm of some growers. Therefore, flushing and fertilizing has developed rapidly in recent years. It is widely used, except for vegetables and other economic crops. This has also stimulated the listing of a large number of "new" fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate in small packages. These small packaging fertilizers are more expensive.
Reporter: From the perspective of the economic benefits and the comprehensive benefits of the environment and ecology, how do you use the fertilizer?
Experts: The purpose of fertilization is not only to produce high crops, but also to pay attention to comprehensive benefits. To grasp the technical essentials for flushing and fertilization, we must pay attention to the following four points:
First of all, choose the fertilizer type correctly. Only water-soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogenous fertilizers; potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are also used in potassium fertilizers, and potassium nitrate can also be used; in phosphate fertilizers, even if they are water-soluble monoammonium and diammonium, they should not be used for flushing. It is the poor mobility of the phosphate fertilizer after it is dissolved and it is easily fixed and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water.
The single nutrient must be standardized. In the cultivation of high-yielding vegetables, the amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 2 to 4 kg/mu each time, especially the nitrate nitrogen should be controlled at 2 to 3 kg/mu, and the limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) is generally 2 to 4 kg/mu. Otherwise, the waste and loss of nutrients will be large, which will reduce the utilization rate and cause water pollution. Fertilization in the whole growing period is generally twice as appropriate.
The period of fertilization is during the period of large crop growth. For example, fruit and vegetables in the full fruit period, after the picking of fruits and melon; Another example is the Chinese cabbage cabbage, in the autumn vegetable cultivation, the choice of temperature, soil mineralization decreased, and vegetable crops is a large number of growth period is appropriate.
Irrigation control. In the case of flood irrigation, flood irrigation is prevented, and when the canal is irrigated, the depth of the ditch and the amount of water must be appropriate to prevent the nutrients dissolved in the water from being lost.
Reporter: Please make a comment on the way of reverse fertilization.
Experts: Fertilizer application efficiency is faster, but if you want to pursue the appearance of the effect, regardless of cost, one-sided use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, misuse of fertilization, will lead to vegetables grow, quality decline, reduced fertilizer utilization, intensified soil salinization.
In the application of fertilization, there are all kinds of misleading. For example, some people break up granular high-concentration compound fertilizers before they are used for flushing; others use uncooked and insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers. It is not appropriate.
Experts suggest that the mode of fertigation should be applied in a timely and appropriate manner. It is mainly used for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, and mainly applies nitrogen and potassium.
There are several types of fertilizers that do not need to be flushed, phosphorus is not flushed, granular compound fertilizers are not used, solid organic fertilizers are not washed, and microbial agents or fertilizers are not used.
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