Due to favorable conditions for wheat planting in the autumn this year, combined with high winter temperatures and suitable field humidity, some areas in Shandong have experienced heavy weed infestations. This calls for timely and effective weed control measures to ensure a bountiful and stable wheat harvest next year. According to recent surveys, weeds such as Zizania, Ma Jiagong, and Bristles are particularly severe in winter wheat fields, with densities ranging from 30 to 120 plants per square meter. In some heavily infested areas, the density exceeds 150 plants per square meter. With warm temperatures and favorable moisture levels, new weeds are still emerging, with an emergence rate of up to 80-90% of total seedlings.
At this stage, weeds are still young, with shallow roots, weak leaves, and low resistance to herbicides. The wheat seedlings are small, and the canopy is not yet dense, making the weeds more exposed. This makes it an ideal time for herbicide application, as the thin wax layer on the weeds allows for better absorption of chemicals. Spraying during this period not only reduces labor intensity but also protects the wheat seedlings, eliminates weeds effectively, and ensures safety and efficiency. Additionally, it helps eliminate intermediate hosts and overwintering sites for pests and diseases, promoting healthy and stable wheat production.
Farmers in certain parts of Shandong have already seen good results by applying herbicides in winter. However, at lower winter temperatures, the effectiveness of herbicides may be reduced compared to summer or autumn applications. This is because low temperatures slow down the release of the herbicides and reduce the weeds’ ability to absorb them. As a result, the effect may be delayed or even ineffective. To maximize the benefits of winter herbicide use, several key technical considerations should be followed.
First, timing is crucial. The best window for weed control is between mid-November and early December, when wheat has developed about four leaves. At this stage, most weeds are just emerging, and their resistance to herbicides is low, leading to better control outcomes. A single application at this time can often manage the entire weed growth cycle, reducing the need for repeated treatments. Moreover, earlier application minimizes herbicide residues and reduces the risk of affecting subsequent crops. Although the effects may take longer to show—typically 12–15 days—it’s important to wait patiently before considering reapplication.
Second, precise dosage is essential. Herbicides must be diluted according to the recommended ratios, and water should not be reduced without justification. Spraying should be thorough and even, avoiding overlaps or missed spots. All weeds must be covered to ensure effectiveness. Overuse can damage crops and cause environmental pollution, while underuse may fail to control weeds properly. Typically, a dosage of 30–40 kg per mu is recommended.
Third, attention to spraying quality is vital. Herbicides should be applied following strict technical guidelines. Winter conditions often bring strong winds, which can reduce the efficacy of the treatment. Therefore, it's best to spray on sunny days when temperatures are relatively higher, as this promotes better absorption and movement of the herbicide within the weeds. For example, after December, it becomes much harder to kill weeds effectively. Certain herbicides like isoproturon should not be used below 10°C. Additionally, long-lasting herbicides such as chlorsulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl require careful handling to avoid phytotoxicity to the wheat crop. Proper timing and technique are essential to achieve the desired results safely and efficiently.
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