Due to favorable conditions for wheat planting in the autumn this year, combined with high winter temperatures and suitable field humidity, some areas in Shandong have experienced heavy weed infestations. To ensure a stable and high yield of wheat next year, timely weed management is essential.
According to recent surveys, weeds such as Zizania, Echinochloa, and Digitaria are heavily infesting winter wheat fields, with weed density ranging from 30 to 120 plants per square meter. In certain areas, dense patches exceed 150 plants per square meter. With warm weather and favorable conditions, new weeds continue to emerge, reaching an emergence rate of 80-90% of total seedlings.
At this stage, weeds are still young, with shallow roots, weak leaves, and low resistance to herbicides. The wheat seedlings are small, and the canopy coverage is not yet dense, leaving more exposed areas for herbicide contact. This makes it an ideal time for chemical weeding. Spraying at this point saves labor, protects the crop, and effectively controls weeds. It also helps eliminate pests and disease hosts, supporting long-term wheat production.
Farmers in parts of Shandong have successfully used winter herbicides, but effectiveness can be reduced under low winter temperatures. Herbicides may not work as quickly or efficiently because of slower absorption by weeds and less active drug release. Therefore, proper techniques must be followed when applying herbicides in cold conditions.
First, choose the optimal timing. Mid-November to early December is the best window, when wheat has developed four leaves. At this time, most weeds are just emerging, making them easier to control. A single application can often manage weeds throughout the season, reducing herbicide residues and minimizing impact on subsequent crops. However, results may take longer—about 12–15 days—compared to summer applications, which usually show effects within 5–7 days. Patience is key, and reapplication is generally unnecessary if applied correctly.
Second, strictly control the dosage. Follow the recommended dilution ratios and avoid reducing water volume. Ensure even and thorough spraying, avoiding overlaps or missed spots. Incomplete coverage will reduce effectiveness. Too much herbicide can harm crops and pollute the soil, while too little will fail to control weeds. The recommended dose is typically 30–40 kg per mu.
Third, focus on spray quality. Apply herbicides during calm, sunny days when temperatures are relatively high. Weeds are more metabolically active, which improves herbicide absorption and effectiveness. For example, after December, weed control becomes more difficult. Certain herbicides like isoproturon should not be used below 10°C. Also, long-lasting herbicides such as chlorsulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl require careful handling to avoid phytotoxicity to wheat. Proper timing and technique are crucial to prevent waste and environmental damage.
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