In the initial stage of planting, base fertilization is carried out by applying 50 kg of chicken and duck manure along with 0.5 kg of superphosphate into the soil. In early March, seedlings are carefully removed and their roots are soaked in a solution containing thiophanate-methyl diluted at 800 times, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and ABT rooting powder to promote healthy root development. When the seedlings have 5-6 leaves, the first top dressing is applied using a 10% diluted fecal water mixed with 0.3% urea solution. A nitrogen-based topdressing is then given every 15 to 20 days until the end of June.
By mid-July, 2 kg of composted manure and 0.05 kg of compound fertilizer are added to the soil. In early August, 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied. By mid-October, 2 kg of cake fertilizer and 0.15 kg of phosphorus fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. From spring of the second year through June, nitrogen and phosphorus are the main components of topdressing. After July, the focus shifts to phosphorus and potassium, with slightly increased application compared to the previous year, ensuring careful and controlled feeding.
In late October, 40 kg of high-quality livestock manure, 0.25 kg of superphosphate, and 20 g of borax are applied to prepare for high yield in the third year. For trees that have been in production for 3-4 years, the fertilization strategy includes early application of precipitating fertilizer, reapplication of strong fruit-promoting fertilizer, skillful use of color-enhancing fertilizer, and immediate application of Yang Fei (a growth stimulant).
During late February to early March, 15 tons of human fecal urine are used as a nutrient source. One week after flowering, 20 kg of composted human urine is mixed with 0.15 kg of sulfur compound fertilizer. During the fruit coloring period, 10 kg of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to feed the roots. Immediately after harvesting, each plant receives a root feeding of 20% human urine mixed with 0.5% urea solution.
In late October, 50 kg of high-quality fertilizer, 0.4 kg of superphosphate, 0.4 kg of bone meal, and 25 g of borax are applied as base fertilizer. To enhance pest control, a foliar spray is applied every two weeks. Before flowering, a mixture of 0.3% urea and 0.1% borax is sprayed. During fruit expansion, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used. As fruits begin to color, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied beforehand.
For moisture management, seedlings are planted in deep trenches, and the garden's drainage system is kept well-connected. During drought periods or when fertilizing during fruit expansion, the soil should be watered promptly. Mulching is applied under the tree canopy during the fruit coloring protection period to retain moisture.
Pruning practices vary by season. In winter, the first year involves shortening each vine to 60 cm. In the second year, three main vines with 6-8 side branches are cultivated. From the third to fourth year, pruning focuses on medium and short shoots, with one-year-old strong branches cut to about 50 cm, medium branches to 30 cm, and weak branches left with 2-3 buds for rejuvenation. Unnecessary, overlapping, and sparse branches are also removed.
Summer pruning involves leaving strong buds for double budding, pinching back new shoots once they have 7-8 leaves, and repeating this process for secondary shoots. When new shoots can distinguish flower spikes, dense shoots are removed, leaving 15 per square meter. Dense flower spikes are thinned, with 2 shoots left for majestic ones, 1 ear for golden meandering branches, and no spikes on weak branches. Seven to 15 days before flowering, all panicles are cut by 1/5.
Plant growth regulators are applied during flowering: 50 ppm of 9200 + 10 ppm BA. Ten days after flowering, ears are soaked in 50 ppm 9200 + 10 ppm KT-30. During the fruit coloring phase (5% coloration), a 200-fold solution of 10 ppm KT-30 + glucose-enriched color solution is sprayed. These treatments significantly increase fruit weight, accelerate maturity by 5-7 days, improve fruit color, maintain quality, and prevent hard stems and threshing issues.
Pest control begins with post-winter defoliation, where plants, frames, wires, and the ground are sprayed with 4-5 degrees lime sulfur + 1% sodium pentachlorophenol. In the spring budding stage, 1-2 degrees lime sulfur + 0.3% sodium pentachlorophenol is used again. After leaf emergence, a Bordeaux mixture (1:0.5:250) + 90% trichlorfon (1000 times) is applied. Before flowering, a solution of sulfamethoxone (800 times) + chlorothalonil (500 times) + organic phosphorus insecticide (1500-2000 times) + 0.2% urea + 0.1% borax is used to control gray mold, black spot, and moths.
From after flowering until harvest, fungicides like Fumei and charcoal are used at 600 times dilution, while insecticides such as organic phosphorus (1500-2000 times) and pyrethroids (2000-2500 times) are alternated. After fruit picking, mancozeb (500 times), thiophanate-methyl (800 times), and insecticide (1500-2000 times) are alternated with a 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture + crystal dipterex (1000 times), repeated three times. All sprays should be done after the rain has stopped.
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