Nitrogen fertilizer applied in excess to pepper plants at one time not only fails to be fully absorbed by the crops, leading to waste, but can also cause issues like excessive vegetative growth ("tall shoots") and seedling burn. Additionally, it may increase soil salt concentration, which hinders root development. If the soil is too dry or there's excessive rainfall, plants may wilt or develop poor root systems, resulting in leaf drop, flower fall, and fruit loss. To maximize yield and quality, it's essential to carefully manage both fertilization and irrigation techniques throughout the growing process.
Before preparing the land, apply 5,000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre as a base. Add 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate for additional nutrients. After plowing, perform thorough leveling and compaction. It’s recommended to reserve about one-third of the base fertilizer to concentrate under the planting holes. Once the holes are dug, mix the soil with compost and gently press it down.
When transplanting, dig a hole 15–25 cm deep on the ridges, place the seedlings in with soil, fill halfway with fine soil, and water the hole. Water again the next day and cover the hole with fine soil to ensure good contact between the roots and the soil.
From planting until the first flowers appear, focus on promoting root development and laying a solid foundation for high yields. About 3–4 days after planting, when the soil surface begins to dry out, perform light cultivation, but keep the depth shallow to avoid damaging the roots. Five to seven days after planting, when the stems and leaves turn green and new heart leaves start to grow, it’s a critical stage for seedling development. At this point, water the plants and apply a top-dressing of urea—approximately 10 kg per acre. If the soil becomes dry, loosen it again and continue cultivating. This should be done for 10–15 days after planting.
During the flowering and fruiting stage, it's important to control excessive vegetative growth and encourage fruit set. When most of the plants are covered with peppers, close the rows and water the second time. Combine this with a second round of fertilization, applying 20–25 kg of urea per mu or 1,000 kg of human manure. Immediately after watering, promote fruit enlargement. After harvesting, water a third time and apply another round of fertilizer—10–15 kg of urea per mu. Depending on weather conditions, water every 7–10 days, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged.
During the full fruiting period, when temperatures rise and evaporation increases, water every 5–7 days and maintain moisture on the soil surface to support fruit growth. Water early in the morning or late in the evening to reduce evaporation. In hot, rainy weather, you can give a light watering once. Peppers are sensitive to waterlogging, so if water accumulates in the field for more than 4 hours, it can cause wilting or even plant death. Therefore, during the rainy season, proper drainage and flood prevention measures must be taken to ensure no standing water remains in the fields.
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