Nitrogen-based fertilizers applied in excess to pepper crops at one time can lead to several issues. Instead of being absorbed by the plants, they cause waste and may result in "tall shoots" or "burned seedlings." High soil salt concentration can also hinder root development. Additionally, if the soil is too dry or there's excessive rain, plants might wilt or fail to establish roots, leading to leaf drop, flower fall, and fruit loss. To ensure high yield and quality, it's crucial to manage both fertilization and irrigation effectively.
Before preparing the field, apply 5,000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, along with 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer. After plowing, thoroughly mix and compact the soil. It's recommended to reserve one-third of the base fertilizer for concentrated application around the plant base. Once the planting holes are prepared, mix the soil thoroughly and fill them halfway before watering. The next day, water again and cover the hole with fine soil.
When transplanting, dig a 15-25 cm deep hole on the ridged surface, place the seedling with soil, fill it halfway, and water the hole. The following day, water again and seal the hole with fine soil.
From planting until the first flowers appear, focus on promoting strong root growth and healthy development. About 3-4 days after planting, when the soil starts to dry out, perform light cultivation, but keep it shallow to avoid damaging the seedlings. Five to seven days after planting, when the stems and leaves turn green and new heart leaves begin to grow, the seedlings enter a slow growth phase. At this stage, water the seedlings and apply a top dressing of urea—about 10 kg per acre—either through furrows or directly. When the soil dries, loosen it gently and continue cultivating for 10-15 days.
During the flowering and fruiting stage, it's important to control growth to encourage fruit setting. Once most plants are bearing peppers, close the seedlings and apply the second watering. Combine this with another round of fertilization—20-25 kg of urea per mu or 1,000 kg of human manure. Immediately after watering, promote fruit enlargement. After harvesting, apply the third watering and follow up with another fertilizer application, using 10-15 kg of urea per mu. Depending on weather conditions, water every 7-10 days, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged.
During the full fruit period, temperatures rise and evaporation increases. Water every 5-7 days, maintaining a consistently moist surface to support fruit growth. Water in the morning and evening. If hot, rainy weather occurs, provide a light watering once. Small peppers are sensitive to waterlogging; continuous water accumulation can cause wilting or even death if it lasts more than four hours. Therefore, during the rainy season, proper drainage and flood prevention measures must be in place to avoid water pooling and ensure timely drainage.
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