In the spring, the top of the depression is from the standpoint of soil science: it is to use the physicochemical effects of soil freezing and thawing in winter and spring to achieve the purpose of conservation. Freeze-thaw alternation is the use of northern temperature on soil water potential. In general, when the soil temperature increases, the water potential decreases; otherwise, the water potential increases. When the ground temperature drops to 0 degrees, the water in the pores of the topsoil turns from liquid water to solid ice, which expands the water potential difference between the upper and lower layers, allowing the water to move upward. With the deepening of frozen soil, the bottom-up water movement law has been carried out at the interface between frozen soil and non-frozen soil, and ice crystals have formed in turn. This rising moisture is called "returned water." In the early spring, the top of the depression is to keep the evaporation of the “returned slurryâ€.
In early spring, when the soil moisture is sufficient and the land has not yet been fully thawed, the spring sowing of land will be topped off in time, which is an effective measure for drought resistance in early spring. This is due to the long winter weathering effect of the spring sowing, with a thin layer of hard crust on the surface of the earth, more capillary water evaporating the soil, not only can cut off the capillary in early spring, but also make it through the winter freeze and early spring a freeze. Loosely drawn tendons can be crushed to form a thin layer of finely-divided dry soil covering the earth's surface, which has a good effect on reducing soil moisture evaporation. Experiments in various regions have shown that in the early spring, the top soil can increase soil moisture by 2% to 3%. It is necessary to grasp the proper time. Prematurely, soil thawing is too shallow, and it can only loosen the topsoil, which has a poor preservation effect; at too late, the soil thawing is very deep. The loose soil layer is too thick and the soil pores increase a lot, contributing to the convection between the near-surface air and soil air. Loss of soil is more likely to produce deep dry soil layers, which is detrimental to conservation. Should generally be in the soil defrosting depth of about 3 cm when the most suitable depression. Pressure ground should generally be thawed at the surface when the depth of 7--10 cm is appropriate. For the land and ground, it is advisable to defrost the soil by 4-6 cm. We must strive to clear the land, make it flat, and compact it so as to form a layer of cultivated land that is virtual and practical.
In the early spring, the maximum depth is 8-10 centimeters; the depth of the radon is less than 1 centimeter. The topsoil after compaction should be finely divided (not more than 5 pieces of surface clay per square meter in diameter exceeding 3 cm). The ground surface should be flat, without dragging, without a ditch, and there should be no obvious relief. It is advisable to use less weight and no leakage (the area of ​​leakage and leakage pressure shall not exceed 75 square meters per hectare, and the area of ​​leakage leakage at each leak shall not exceed 1 square meter). The rolling speed is generally 6-7 kilometers per hour. After the suppression of ridges, it is advisable that the ridge roof be flattened and compacted within the ridge height standard.
There are two kinds of repression tools: one is the V-type repressor, which has higher pressure and stronger soil capacity; the other is the ring repressor, which is characterized by large under-permeability, which can compact the soil and maintain the surface. Loose, using this suppression tool can reduce the evaporation of water and prevent surface compaction. All localities can choose from local conditions.
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