I. Introduction The Pietrain pig is native to Pietland in the Brabant district of Belgium and is therefore named Pietrain. Pitlan is one of the most lean breeds in the lean pig breeds in the world. It began cultivation in 1920 and was developed in Wolong in 1950. During the breeding process, the local pigs were crossbreed with French shellfish, and imported into the blood of the Thai Tamworth pigs.
China was introduced from the 1980s, and the Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced French legal system Pietrain from France in the early 1990s. Beijing Shunxin Agricultural Shop Original Breeding Breeding Farm In 1997, 49 pigs were directly introduced from Belgium, including 33 sows and 16 boars and 8 pedigrees. In 2000, Pieland was introduced from France and 27 boars were born.
Second, the appearance of appearance Pitlan was a large black and white flowers, coat color from gray to maroon or between red, ears slightly tilted medium size, short body width, wide back width, the middle of a deep groove, full hindquarters, muscular, muscle It is apparently obvious in the community that the posterior blood vessels are exposed and the anterior and posterior limbs are short and fine (but presently the ratio system, the law system, Pietrain, the upper and lower extremities are higher and more sturdy), the abdomen is large, and the head is delicate.
Third, production performance
1. Breeding performance Medium reproductive capacity, balanced litter size, generally 9-11 heads, strong nursery ability, good motherhood, early lactation is good, milk yield is high, late lactation is poor, 20 days old litter weight 48.52. 3 kg, 35 days old 87.74.8 kg.
2. Finishing Performance Pietrain pigs have low feed intake and slow late growth. According to the information, the low feed intake is due to the low physiological insulin content. During the fattening period, the average daily gain was 720 grams, and the feed ratio was 2.8:1.
3. Carcass traits The muscle fibres are thicker and the fleshy meat tastes worse, but no PSE meat was found after the slaughter of Belgian Pitlan. The carcass lean percentage was 78%, the meat export rate was 83%, and the three points were 0.5cm thick.
IV. Precautions for feeding and management
1. The latest introduction of stress to the Belgian Pietrain genotype CT type is less sensitive to stress, but strong stimuli will still appear stress, so in the daily production should pay attention to the following points:
(1) When boars participate in breeding, they must have proper exercise time.
(2) When the pigs are turned around, try to make original nests, and the pigs should be firm to prevent fighting.
(3) When the pig walks, it should be evasive, not forced to drive, or strenuous exercise.
(4) The farrowing sows are best bred on the ground and reared after giving birth.
(5) In summer, male and female pigs, especially farrowing sows, should be provided with cooling facilities, such as electric fans, and conditional air conditioners.
(6) During transportation, excessive crowding, overheating, or poor ventilation should be avoided. Do not force binding when getting on and off the train. You can inject a sedative before transportation.
(7) If stress is found, stop stimulation immediately, keep quiet, pour cold water on the neck, water slowly, and do not spray it all over the body. Do not inject sedative drugs when stress occurs.
2. Dystocia Pilates The first born sows are more prone to dystocia (very rarely to produce sows) due to the fullness of the hindquarter muscles and the incomplete opening of the birth canal. The countermeasures to prevent it from occurring are:
(1) When the mating age is extended, the initial period of the Pietrain is generally 8 months, and the apparent weight of the mating month should be 11-12 months.
(2) Strengthen exercise during the second and third trimesters, and the nutrient concentration should not be too high.
(3) Use prostaglandin to make it 1 to 2 days earlier than the expected date of birth. It is best to control the birth during the day to facilitate midwifery (usually 1 in the morning and 1 in the morning).
(4) When dystocia occurs, midwifery should be performed. Midwives should not be in a hurry, nor can they damage the birth canal. Arms and midwifery devices must be thoroughly disinfected, and the number of arms entering the birth canal should be minimized. The uterus should be washed within 7 days after birth to prevent inflammation and prevent it. The next estrus or breeding difficulties.
(5) When leaving a seed, try not to select those pigs with hindquarters that are too small and have a small cunt as a gilt.
3, to prevent the leg disease Pietrain before and after the heavy negative limbs, and do not like exercise, prone to leg problems. Exercise should be strengthened to ensure that each pig is more than 1 hour per day, especially pigs in the middle and late stages of fattening. In addition, the stocking density cannot be too great. Conditional breeding can be carried out outside or grassland. The parts that are worn out when lying down should be promptly treated.
Fifth, the hybrid use Pietrain is an ideal terminal hybrid father, can significantly increase the lean meat percentage and posterior fullness, the general hybridization methods are: Pi Du, leather grow up, Pi Da, Pi Du grew up, leather local pig Species.
6. Nutritional needs due to the low fat content of Pietrain pigs. Insufficient self-fat storage, when feeding compound feeds, high energy is very important (other nutrients are being explored). The nutrition requirements of my farm are attached for reference only.
7. Conclusion Although the Pietrain pig is prone to many problems in feeding and management, there are also many deficiencies in the production performance, but it can not be replaced as a superior terminal male parent is any breed of pig, we only need to create in the daily production management Certain conditions, continuous exploration and discussion, these problems and inadequacies are solutions.
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