Transition Zone Climate Zone This zone mainly refers to the areas along the banks of the Yangtze River, which is a transitional zone between tropical and subtropical climates. Summer is hot and humid, and winter is not too cold. Most warm-season turfgrass can be planted. In cool-season turfgrass, only some species of tall fescue can grow. However, in this area, the warm-season turfgrass has a yellowish period of 2-3 months, up to 5 months, and the cold-season turfgrass performs better in spring, autumn and winter, and can reach the evergreen seasons. However, in the summer when the temperature and humidity are high, if improper conservation and management measures are taken, pests and diseases are easily caused. Especially in recent years, some areas in the region have begun to use cold-season turfgrass in large quantities. Therefore, the maintenance and management of lawns should be strengthened.
1. Repairing Damaged Turf: After the spring temperature starts to rise, the cool-season turfgrass will soon enter a period of vigorous growth. However, since the turfgrass dominated by tall fescue has no rhizomes or stolons, it is very short even if there is, so self-repair. Weak capacity, therefore, lawn empty bald areas caused by poor drainage, soil erosion or summer diseases must be repaired in time. Live seeding should be adopted during remediation. The sowing date is generally in the middle and early March. Warm-season turfgrass is often treated with transplanting methods. If seed sowing is used, the sowing date should be set at a daily average temperature of 20 to 25 degrees.
2. Loosing soil: Since the cold-season turfgrass does not sleep during the winter, its root system is more developed and the soil can be easily compacted, especially when the planting density is too large. In addition, the soil in some areas of the area itself is more viscous and With continuous trampling and other reasons, soil permeability declines very quickly. At the same time, since warm-season turfgrass like Bermuda grass root, false weed grass, etc. have well-developed rhizomes or stolons, compact turf should be formed, so loose soil is a must the measures taken. The cold-season turfgrass can be riven in the early spring, and the warm-season turfgrass is generally in the middle and early April, until it begins to return to green before loosening.
3. Fertilization: The variability of the soil in the area is also relatively large, ranging from acidic soils, clays, loams to sandy soils. Fertilization should be based on specific soil conditions. Normal fertilization amount is 6-10 kg/100 m2. Among them, the ratio of N, P, and K is 10:6:4 or 10:5:5. Since the fertilizer does not spread all over the soil, all the fertilizer must be evenly spread on the surface of the lawn, otherwise it will affect the uniform growth of the turfgrass, and excessive application of the area will cause a transitional stimulation, resulting in the violent growth of the aboveground part, This in turn limits the growth and development of the root system, and may burn the lawn, so it is best to fertilize it with a fertiliser machine or a spreader. After fertilization combined with irrigation, so that the fertilizer dissolved and infiltrated into the soil, the fertilization effect is better. Do not use ammonium nitrate, single urea or ammonium sulfate. Although these fertilizers have a high fertilizer efficiency, the concentration is too high and they can burn the lawn when used carelessly.
4. Rolling: Some of the roots of the previous year died in the winter. The slight freezing and thawing of the surface soil in early spring will lift the turfgrass from the surface. At this time, the raised grass should be gently pressed back to the original place. In order to facilitate the rapid development of new root systems. The main purpose of rolling lawns in spring is to make full use of the soil structure that is conducive to the growth of roots and created by soil freezing and thawing. Therefore, it is better to use lighter weight roller to suppress, and rolling over will limit the development of roots. The best period of pressure is when the soil is moist in early spring. At the same time, the weight of the roller should be properly adjusted according to the soil conditions in different regions and the type of turfgrass.
5. Pruning: As long as the cool-season turfgrass is still growing, it should be properly pruned. Under normal circumstances, the spring growth is relatively slow, and should not be excessively pruned, otherwise it will reduce the accumulation of root nutrients, and thus make the turfgrass lose drought resistance, heat resistance, Resistance to pests and diseases and competition with weeds. The warm-season turfgrass returns to green later, and the pruning period can be relatively delayed until it is completely green. The pruning height of the general-purpose lawn should be maintained at about 5 cm, and only the golf putting green is recommended to use low pruning (with a clipping height of 1-2 cm).
6. Disease prevention and control: pathogenic bacteria are most likely to invade the leaves of turfgrass. Too low trimmed lawns are difficult to withstand the damage of pathogenic bacteria and are difficult to recover from disease. In this area, cold-season and warm-season turfgrass diseases are likely to occur. In particular, the spring climate in this area is cool and humid, and diseases such as leaf spot and root rot are more likely to occur. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to Observe the disease and prevent it in a timely manner.
7. Weed Control: Broadleaf weeds can be controlled with 2,4D herbicides. Herbicides are generally best applied at the 2-3 leaf stage. Herbs and other annual grass weeds can be treated with pre-emergence and post-emergent herbicides. Control methods and herbicides See Spring Lawn Conservation Management (Cold and Wet Climate Regions) and (Warm and Wet Climate Regions).
8. Irrigation: Irrigation in this area should be based on the principle of not providing excess water. At the same time, when it is necessary to conduct irrigation, it is best to be carried out in the morning so that the leaves can be completely dried before the evening, otherwise it will cause the breeding of diseases. When irrigation, one should irrigate soil 15 cm or deeper, and reduce the number of irrigations appropriately. Mild irrigation in spring, especially in the late afternoon, will stimulate weed growth and cause disease.
1. Repairing Damaged Turf: After the spring temperature starts to rise, the cool-season turfgrass will soon enter a period of vigorous growth. However, since the turfgrass dominated by tall fescue has no rhizomes or stolons, it is very short even if there is, so self-repair. Weak capacity, therefore, lawn empty bald areas caused by poor drainage, soil erosion or summer diseases must be repaired in time. Live seeding should be adopted during remediation. The sowing date is generally in the middle and early March. Warm-season turfgrass is often treated with transplanting methods. If seed sowing is used, the sowing date should be set at a daily average temperature of 20 to 25 degrees.
2. Loosing soil: Since the cold-season turfgrass does not sleep during the winter, its root system is more developed and the soil can be easily compacted, especially when the planting density is too large. In addition, the soil in some areas of the area itself is more viscous and With continuous trampling and other reasons, soil permeability declines very quickly. At the same time, since warm-season turfgrass like Bermuda grass root, false weed grass, etc. have well-developed rhizomes or stolons, compact turf should be formed, so loose soil is a must the measures taken. The cold-season turfgrass can be riven in the early spring, and the warm-season turfgrass is generally in the middle and early April, until it begins to return to green before loosening.
3. Fertilization: The variability of the soil in the area is also relatively large, ranging from acidic soils, clays, loams to sandy soils. Fertilization should be based on specific soil conditions. Normal fertilization amount is 6-10 kg/100 m2. Among them, the ratio of N, P, and K is 10:6:4 or 10:5:5. Since the fertilizer does not spread all over the soil, all the fertilizer must be evenly spread on the surface of the lawn, otherwise it will affect the uniform growth of the turfgrass, and excessive application of the area will cause a transitional stimulation, resulting in the violent growth of the aboveground part, This in turn limits the growth and development of the root system, and may burn the lawn, so it is best to fertilize it with a fertiliser machine or a spreader. After fertilization combined with irrigation, so that the fertilizer dissolved and infiltrated into the soil, the fertilization effect is better. Do not use ammonium nitrate, single urea or ammonium sulfate. Although these fertilizers have a high fertilizer efficiency, the concentration is too high and they can burn the lawn when used carelessly.
4. Rolling: Some of the roots of the previous year died in the winter. The slight freezing and thawing of the surface soil in early spring will lift the turfgrass from the surface. At this time, the raised grass should be gently pressed back to the original place. In order to facilitate the rapid development of new root systems. The main purpose of rolling lawns in spring is to make full use of the soil structure that is conducive to the growth of roots and created by soil freezing and thawing. Therefore, it is better to use lighter weight roller to suppress, and rolling over will limit the development of roots. The best period of pressure is when the soil is moist in early spring. At the same time, the weight of the roller should be properly adjusted according to the soil conditions in different regions and the type of turfgrass.
5. Pruning: As long as the cool-season turfgrass is still growing, it should be properly pruned. Under normal circumstances, the spring growth is relatively slow, and should not be excessively pruned, otherwise it will reduce the accumulation of root nutrients, and thus make the turfgrass lose drought resistance, heat resistance, Resistance to pests and diseases and competition with weeds. The warm-season turfgrass returns to green later, and the pruning period can be relatively delayed until it is completely green. The pruning height of the general-purpose lawn should be maintained at about 5 cm, and only the golf putting green is recommended to use low pruning (with a clipping height of 1-2 cm).
6. Disease prevention and control: pathogenic bacteria are most likely to invade the leaves of turfgrass. Too low trimmed lawns are difficult to withstand the damage of pathogenic bacteria and are difficult to recover from disease. In this area, cold-season and warm-season turfgrass diseases are likely to occur. In particular, the spring climate in this area is cool and humid, and diseases such as leaf spot and root rot are more likely to occur. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to Observe the disease and prevent it in a timely manner.
7. Weed Control: Broadleaf weeds can be controlled with 2,4D herbicides. Herbicides are generally best applied at the 2-3 leaf stage. Herbs and other annual grass weeds can be treated with pre-emergence and post-emergent herbicides. Control methods and herbicides See Spring Lawn Conservation Management (Cold and Wet Climate Regions) and (Warm and Wet Climate Regions).
8. Irrigation: Irrigation in this area should be based on the principle of not providing excess water. At the same time, when it is necessary to conduct irrigation, it is best to be carried out in the morning so that the leaves can be completely dried before the evening, otherwise it will cause the breeding of diseases. When irrigation, one should irrigate soil 15 cm or deeper, and reduce the number of irrigations appropriately. Mild irrigation in spring, especially in the late afternoon, will stimulate weed growth and cause disease.
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