With the advancement of society, aquaculture in our country has gradually evolved from small-scale household farming to more organized and large-scale operations. In addition to general breeding area requirements, raising sheep areas must also be designed with scientific planning, particularly in terms of housing construction and equipment setup.
**1. Construction Requirements for Sheep Houses**
Sheep houses should be built on dry, well-drained land that is sunny and sheltered from the wind. A clean water source nearby, preferably with access to green grass, is essential. The breeding area should be located away from residential zones, and strict isolation measures must be implemented. Disinfection tanks should be placed at the entrance and exit of the site to ensure hygiene.
The space inside the house should be sufficient for the animals to move freely. For example, rams need about 1.5 to 2 square meters per head, ewes require 0.8 to 1 square meter, pregnant or nursing ewes need 2 to 2.5 square meters, and lambs require 0.5 to 0.6 square meters. Building materials can include locally available options such as hollow bricks, red bricks, steel frames, wooden poles, and cement. Windows should cover at least 1/5 of the total area to ensure good ventilation and natural light. The floor should be elevated by 20–30 cm above ground level to prevent moisture buildup. In colder months, the temperature inside should not drop below 0°C for adult sheep and 10°C for lambs.
**2. Types of Sheep Houses**
A single-slope sheep house is ideal for small-scale operations. The back wall is typically 1.8–2 meters high, and the front area faces the sun. The floor is covered with 20–30 cm of earth and sloped for drainage. During cold seasons, weeds are planted and replaced regularly to keep the area warm and dry.
Elevated sheep houses are suitable for larger farms. These structures have a double slope design, with a height of around 2.5 meters. They include an outdoor aisle and playground. An elevated floor, 50 cm above the ground, helps maintain cleanliness. The floor can be made of precast concrete with small gaps (1–1.5 cm) to allow waste to fall through. A gentle slope between the playground and the ground ensures easy access for the sheep.
**3. Sheep House Facilities**
A sports area should be located on the sunny side of the sheep house, with an area two to three times that of the house itself. It should be dry and well-drained, with a raised platform for the sheep to rest on.
Feed troughs should be installed at a height matching the sheep’s back to reduce waste and improve feeding efficiency. Water troughs should be placed in the sports area, made of brick or cement, with drainage holes for easy cleaning.
**4. Isolation Areas**
Isolated sheep houses are necessary for sick animals, newly purchased sheep, or those under observation. These areas should be kept separate from the main sheep house and sterilized before and after use. Sick sheep should be moved immediately to these areas for treatment, and only after recovery should they be reintegrated into the flock. New arrivals should also be quarantined for a period to prevent disease spread. Regular health checks are essential to ensure the overall well-being of the herd.
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