With the advancement of society, aquaculture in our country is gradually shifting from small-scale household farming to more organized and large-scale operations. In addition to general breeding requirements, the construction of sheep farms must also follow scientific and practical guidelines, especially when it comes to designing sheep houses and selecting appropriate equipment.
**1. Construction Requirements for Sheep Houses**
- **Location Selection**: The site should be dry, well-drained, and located in a sunny and sheltered area. It should be close to a clean water source and preferably surrounded by green grass. The farm should be kept away from residential areas, and strict isolation measures must be in place. A disinfection tank should be installed at the entrance to prevent disease spread.
- **Basic Construction Standards**:
- **Space Allocation**: Each ram needs about 1.5 to 2 square meters, ewes require 0.8 to 1 square meter, pregnant or nursing ewes need 2 to 2.5 square meters, and young lambs require 0.5 to 0.6 square meters.
- **Materials**: Use locally available materials such as hollow bricks, red bricks, steel frames, wooden poles, cement posts, and clay tiles.
- **Ventilation and Lighting**: Windows should cover at least 1/5 of the total floor area, and the building should be oriented to maximize sunlight exposure.
- **Insulation and Moisture Control**: The indoor temperature should not drop below 0°C in winter, and lambing areas should stay above 10°C. The floor should be elevated 20–30 cm above ground level, with a gentle slope for drainage. Elevated sheep houses are recommended to maintain cleanliness and dryness.
**2. Types of Sheep Houses**
- **Single-Slope Sheep House**: This simple design is ideal for small-scale farms. The back wall is typically 1.8–2 meters high, and the front has an open yard facing south. The floor is covered with 20–30 cm of earth, sloped for drainage. During colder months, planting grass can help keep the area warm and dry.
- **Elevated Sheep House**: Designed for larger farms, this structure features a double-sloped roof and a height of 2.5 meters. An outdoor aisle and playground are included. A raised base, 50 cm above the ground, helps keep the house clean. The floor can be made with reinforced concrete and steel bars, allowing waste to fall through gaps of 1–1.5 cm. A gentle slope between the yard and the ground ensures easy access for the sheep.
**3. Sheep House Facilities**
- **Exercise Area**: Located on the sunny side of the house, the exercise area should be 2–3 times the size of the sheep house. It should be dry and well-drained, with a raised platform for the sheep to climb.
- **Feeding Area**: Sheep prefer clean feeding areas. A feeding trough should be placed at the level of the sheep’s back, either mounted on the wall or placed on the floor to reduce waste and improve feed efficiency.
- **Watering Station**: A water trough should be placed in the exercise area, made of brick or cement. It should have drainage holes for easy cleaning and water replacement.
**4. Isolation Areas**
Isolation sheds should be built separately from the main sheep house, maintaining a safe distance. Sick sheep should be moved here immediately for observation and treatment. After recovery, they should be reintegrated into the flock. Newly purchased sheep should also be quarantined for a period to ensure they are healthy before joining the group. These isolation areas must be thoroughly disinfected before and after use to prevent disease outbreaks.
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