Due to the persistent rainfall during the cotton planting season and after the seedlings emerged, this year’s occurrence of dead seedlings is more severe than in previous years. In some areas, the damage has already become critical, with entire fields being affected.
**First, the main symptoms**
After the cotton seedlings have emerged, a yellow-brown lesion appears at the base of the stem, where it meets the soil. These lesions gradually develop into sunken, rotting areas. The affected area turns black and brown, leading to the death of the seedling. This condition is commonly referred to as "setback" or "black neck" disease among cotton farmers.
**Second, the causes of the problem**
1. **Early sowing and low temperatures**: According to meteorological forecasts, April 2008 was 3–5°C cooler than usual. Most farmers did not adjust their sowing dates accordingly, and some even sowed earlier than normal. This led to slow emergence and extended periods of bacterial infection, resulting in severe disease outbreaks.
2. **Excessive rain and high humidity**: The most vulnerable period for cotton seedlings is within the first 15 days after emergence. During this time, prolonged low temperatures and high humidity create ideal conditions for seedling diseases. Starting in late April, continuous rain has left the seedlings almost constantly soaked, preventing root respiration. High humidity further exacerbates the issue, especially in low-lying fields with poor drainage and heavy clay soils.
3. **Soil health issues**: Many cotton fields are planted year after year without crop rotation. This leads to an accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, while beneficial microbes are reduced, increasing the likelihood of disease.
4. **Poor quality seed coating agents**: Some seed coatings claim to offer protection against pests and diseases, but they often fail to deliver. As a result, seedlings remain susceptible to infections and pest infestations.
**Third, control measures**
1. **Seed treatment**: When replanting or sowing cotton, especially in cold and wet conditions, it's crucial to take preventive steps. Mix 10 ml of Qiao high-quality agent with 50 grams of beneficial microbials and 1.5 kg of cotton seeds before sowing. This helps prevent disease, promotes strong seedling growth, and keeps the incidence below 10%. It also prevents pests for up to 50–60 days.
2. **Agricultural practices**: After the rain stops, farmers should remove excess moisture from the soil and ensure proper drainage. This helps reduce root humidity and increase soil temperature, which can significantly lower disease occurrence. In areas with excessive rain, removing plastic mulch and allowing the soil to dry is recommended.
3. **Chemical control**: For fields showing signs of disease, apply fungicides directly to the roots and stems. A mixture of Rui Miao Qing diluted 2000 times and beneficial microbes diluted 500 times, or Rui Miao Qing mixed with Bi Hu diluted 10,000 times, has proven effective in controlling the disease and reducing seedling death.
4. **Pest management**: Use long-lasting insecticides to control aphids. Products like 600 times dilution of current good year or 3000–6000 times dilution of other effective formulations can provide protection for over 20 days.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can better manage the challenges posed by weather and soil conditions, ensuring healthier cotton crops and higher yields.
Flavonoid powder is a class of compounds with various biological activities. Such as Flavonoids powder, Pueraria Mirifica Powder, Mulberry Leaf Extract, Citrus Aurantium Extract, and Seabuckthorn. Here's a breakdown of their categories:
Flavonoid powder can be mainly divided into the following categories:
Flavonols: such as quercetin, kaempferol, etc., are mostly found in vegetables, fruits, and tea, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other effects.
Flavonoids: such as apigenin, widely distributed in plants, have certain benefits to the cardiovascular system.
Flavanones: such as hesperidin, etc., with antioxidants, blood lipid, and other functions.
Isoflavones: such as soy isoflavones, which are mainly found in legumes, have important implications for women's health, such as regulating estrogen levels.
Anthocyanins: such as centaurin, geranium, etc., make the plant show a rich color, with strong antioxidant activity.
Flavonols: such as quercetin, kaempferol, etc., are mostly found in vegetables, fruits, and tea, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other effects.
Flavonoids: such as apigenin, widely distributed in plants, have certain benefits to the cardiovascular system.
Flavanones: such as hesperidin, etc., with antioxidants, blood lipid, and other functions.
Isoflavones: such as soy isoflavones, which are mainly found in legumes, have important implications for women's health, such as regulating estrogen levels.
Anthocyanins: such as centaurin, geranium, etc., make the plant show a rich color, with strong antioxidant activity.
Different types of flavonoid powders differ in structure and biological activity, and together they play an important role in human health.
In general, flavonoid powder is relatively safe at normal doses.
Flavonoid powder has certain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities, which may be beneficial to human health.
Flavonoids Powder,Pueraria Mirifica Powder,Mulberry Leaf Extract,Citrus Aurantium Extract,Seabuckthorn
Shaanxi Changsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. , https://www.cncsbio.com