Japan's large-bodied tempeh is known for its thick texture, large grains, rich flavor, and high nutritional value, making it a popular choice among consumers. However, there are currently limited cultivation areas across different regions, and few resources are available on high-yield techniques for jack bean. After conducting trial plantings in the Changyi City Agricultural Science and Technology Park, we have gained valuable experience. Below, we share the key technologies that have proven effective.
1. **Sowing Seedlings**
The large bean seeds used come from Sato Plant Co., Ltd., and they are available in two varieties: white and red. The optimal sowing temperature is around 15°C during the day and about 10°C at night. In Changyi, sowing typically occurs in mid-April. Before planting, the soil should be finely tilled and leveled to a soft condition. The ground should be moist but not overly wet. Plant 1-2 seeds per hole, ensuring the sprout faces the next grain. Cover with fine soil approximately 1–1.5 cm deep to help retain moisture and increase the soil temperature before covering with a film. If planted too deeply, the seeds may rot due to lack of oxygen, leading to poor germination. Using seedlings with 3–4 true leaves is ideal for transplanting. The spacing should be 1 meter between rows and 0.5 meters between plants, with trellis support. This allows for about 1,300 plants per 667 square meters.
2. **Fertilizer and Water Management**
Apply 5,000 kg of organic manure per 667 square meters, along with 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 25 kg of potassium sulfate. During the early growth stage, control the seedlings strictly before flowering to prevent excessive vine elongation, which can lead to flower drop and reduced yield. Transplant seedlings promptly when they are ready. Avoid overwatering during full bloom. Once the pods begin to form, increase watering and fertilization, applying an additional 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. Two top-dressing applications are recommended. After the vines start climbing the trellises, regularly prune and toss the plants to ensure good air circulation and light penetration.
3. **Chemical Growth Regulation**
To manage vigorous vine growth and prevent excessive spreading without pod formation, it’s important to remove the growing tip (heart-picking) regularly. During flowering, spray a solution of 70 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and borax. Additionally, apply a certain concentration of paclobutrazol to control excessive growth and promote better fruit set.
4. **Disease and Pest Control**
Jack bean is susceptible to diseases such as rust and blight, while pests like soybean meal and red spider may also appear. Throughout the growing season, spray thiophanate-methyl twice at a dilution of 800 times, and apply abamectin at 1,500 times. To prevent underground pests, apply carbofuran before sowing.
By following these techniques, farmers can significantly improve the yield and quality of their jack bean crops, making this nutritious legume more widely available and economically viable.
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